Autonomics Cardiopulmonary and Renal CIS Flashcards
what is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
treat the kidney as one giant nephron
Receives alot of blood every minute
Job and blood flow of the Glomerulus
JOb: provide raw materials for urine production by filtering the plasma
Blood flow:
Afferent arteriole: brings blood into the glomerulus
glomerular capillaries are where the filtration occurs
Efferent arteriole controls how fast the blood leaves the glomerular capillaries
Job and blood flow of the Convoluted tubule
job: bulk of operations
- reabsorb (back to blood) anything that was filtered but that we need
- secrete (into the urine) anything that didnt get filtered that we dont need
Blood flow: Peritubular capillaries provides the blood needed
-peritubular capillaries arise from the efferent arteriole
job and blood flow of the Loop of Henle
Job: concentration
- make it so we can reabsorb the water we need
- works on the interstitial fluid
Blood flow:
-Vasa recta provides the blood needed
Job and blood flow of the Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting duct
Job: Fine tuning
- especially of Na, K and water
- uunder hormonal and neural control
Bloodflow:
-Peritubular capillaries provides the blood needed
what does the sympathetics innervate in the Kidney and what receptors
Primary:
-All arterial blood vessels including the affernt and efferent arterials
- Alpha1 receptors
- reduces blood flow to kidney and urine production
also:
-cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
-Beta 1 receptors
- Increase renin release
- Leads to increase sodium and water reabsorption
What is the overall goal short term and long term of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney
short term: help maintain blood pressure
Long term: Increase blood volume to help maintain blood pressure
what is the equation of blood pressure
BP=HRxSVxTPR
HR: heart rate
SV: stroke volume (volume of blood ejected from ventricle
TPR: Total peripheral resistance in vessels
To increase BP: how does sympathetics increase HR
increase NE which act on Beta 1 receptors of the heart that increases
To increase BP: how does sympathetics increase SV
release NE which act on Beta 1 receptors which increases Calcium which increases strength of contraction
increases SV
To increase BP: how does sympathetics increase TPR
release NE act on alpha 1 receptors in skin and gut to contract
also acts on Beta 2 receptors of the heart and lungs
To increase BP: how does sympathetics affect the lungs
Blood vessels will contract the largest extrapulmonary A
-alpha 1 receptors
act on Bronchial smooth muscle to dialate making it easier to breathe
-Beta 2 receptors
