Thoracic Limb 2 Flashcards
What are bones connected by with fibrous joints?
Fibrous joints
Three joint types?
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
What type(s) of joint are fibrous?
Synarthrosis- immovable joint
What are bones connected by with cartilaginous joints?
Cartilage
What are synovial joints surrounded by?
Articular capsule
What type(s) of joints are cartilaginous?
Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable
Synarthrosis - immoveable
What are synovial joints?
Space btwn bones
What type of joint is synovial?
Diarthrosis (freely moveable joint)
What hold bones together in synovial joint?
Ligaments and muscles
Components of synovial joint?
Articular cartilage, synovial fluid, joint cavity
What does hyaline mean?
Semitranslucent
Function of articular cartilage? Vascularity?
Covers bone; avascular
What is the function of the articular capsule?
Encloses synovial cavity
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
Outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
What does the inner synovial membrane produce, composition , and what does it cover?
Synovial fluid; blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves; Covers all structures within capsule except articular cartilage
Functions of synovial fluid?
lubricates joint
aids in shock absorption
supplies nutrients/oxygen
removes waste to/from cartilage
Why is it important that synovial fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to cartilage?
Cartilage is avascular
What are the assisting structures of the synovial joint?
Ligaments
Muscles/tendons
menisci
How are joints classified? Examples?
Type or direction of movement; back and socket, hinge
What is the shoulder joint also called? Connections?
Glenohumeral joint; humeral head articulates with glenid cavity of scapula
What type of joint is the shoulder joint? (Type and common names) Movement classification?
Synovial, ball and socket
Diarthrosis - freely moveable
Primary movement of shoulder joint?
Flexion and extension
What are the stabilizers of the shoulder joint?
Medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments
Muscle tendons crossing joints
Is the shoulder joint stable? Why or why not?
No because of its high mobility
-poor bony congruence
- loose articular capsule
- glenoid labrum deepens which glenoid cavity
Why is the elbow joint complex?
It has THREE attachments from humerus, radius and ulna
What is the primary weight bearing elbow joint?
Humeroradial joint
What elbow joint restricts sagittal deviations?
Humeroulnar joint
How many capsules does the elbow joint have?
ONE
What limits the rotation of the ulna?
Proximal radioulnar joint
What does the anconeal process limit? (movement)
mediolateral movement
What do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments do?
Stabilize respective sides of the joint
-Restrict excessive elbow rotation
Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow associated with?
Oversupination
Medial collateral ligament of the elbow associated with?
Overpronation
