Common Integument - Anatomy

Question 1

What is the definition of integere?

Answer 1

in, to cover

Question 2

What does the integumental system cover?

Answer 2

skin AND hair, pili m., claws, hooves, horns, glands

Question 3

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

Answer 3

Stratified squamous

Question 4

How many layers of epidermis? (NAME outermost to innermost)

Answer 4

4-5 layers (5th is regional), stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 5

Composition of stratum corneum?

Answer 5

Keratinocytes

Question 6

Composition of stratum basale?

Answer 6

Melanocytes and Langerhans

Question 7

What type of tissue is the dermis?

Answer 7

connective

Question 8

Functions of stratum basale?

Answer 8

Mitotic cell division, Separates epidermis and dermis, pushes cell upwards to replenish layers

Question 9

Main function of dermis?

Answer 9

Nourishes epidermis

Question 10

What layer defines the thickness of the skin?

Answer 10

Dermis

Question 11

What directions does the thickness of dermis decrease on the abdomen and limbs?

Answer 11

Abdomen- dorsal to ventral
Limbs- Proximal to distal

Question 11

What species has the thickest dermis?

Answer 11

Cattle

Question 12

What is the hypodermis layer also called?

Answer 12

SQ

Question 13

What is the composition of hypodermis?

Answer 13

Loose connective tissue

Question 14

How does the hypodermis differ between species?

Answer 14

More hypodermis: sheep, dog, cat
Less hypodermis: horse, ox, goat

Question 15

Where is there less hypodermis?

Answer 15

Lips, eyelids, ears

Question 16

Function of hypodermis in feet?

Answer 16

Cushioning/Padding

Question 17

List the seven appendageal structures of the integument system.

Answer 17

1. Hair
2. Glands
3. Pads
4. Chestnuts, ergots
5. Claws, hooves
6. Horns
7. Cutaneous pouches

Question 17

CR of hypodermis?

Answer 17

Skin pinch- hydration test
Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Question 18

Definition of pili?

Answer 18

hairs of all types

Question 19

Composition of hair?

Answer 19

Modified epidermis (columns of elastic horn tissue)

Question 20

What is hair follicle?

Answer 20

invagination of epidermis

Question 21

What are arrector pili mm.? Involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 21

Smooth m., involuntary

Question 22

What type of hair provides the outer coat in domestic animals? Example?

Answer 22

Guard hairs; mane

Question 23

What is the undercoat hair called? Example?

Answer 23

Wool coat; bristles in swine

Question 24

What are tactile hairs?

Answer 24

Specialized guard hairs, thicker and longer

Question 25

What are tactile hairs surrounded by?

Answer 25

Hair follicle surrounded by a blood filled sinus which amplifies movement; also have arrector pili that activate when aroused

Question 25

Where are sebaceous glands? CR?

Answer 25

Concentration around lips and face; cats can get chin acne

Question 26

What is the consistency of sebaceous glands?

Answer 26

Oily

Question 27

Apocrine sweat gland consistency? Function?

Answer 27

protein rich secretion; responsible for odor

Question 28

Eccrine sweat gland consistency?

Answer 28

Watery secretion

Question 29

CR of sweat glands?

Answer 29

inability to sweat

Question 30

Location of eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 30

Pads of carnivores and frog of horse foot

Question 31

CR of sweat/sebaceous glands?

Answer 31

Underproduction due to illness = dry, dull coat

Question 32

What are mammary glands?

Answer 32

modified sweat glands

Question 33

What layer of skin are mammary glands located?

Answer 33

Hypodermis

Question 34

Term associated with one teat?

Answer 34

Mammae

Question 35

Collective term for mammary of bitch, queen, sow

Answer 35

Mammary glands

Question 36

Collective term for mammary of cow, ewe, doe, mare?

Answer 36

Udder

Question 37

How many mammae of cow?

Answer 37

4 inguinal teats

Question 38

CR of mammary glands?

Answer 38

Mastitis, tumors

Question 39

Definition of supernumerary teats?

Answer 39

Nonfunctional extra teats

Question 40

How many pairs of mammae in dogs? CR?

Answer 40

5 pairs; spaying dog significantly reduces chances of tumors

Question 41

How many teats do ewes, mares, and does have?

Answer 41

2 inguinal

Question 42

What are paw pads?

Answer 42

Modified epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 43

Function of paw pads?

Answer 43

Weight bearing and shock absorbing

Question 44

What type of sweat glands do carnivores and horses have?

Answer 44

Eccrine

Question 45

Nonfunctional pad in dogs?

Answer 45

Carpal

Question 46

What is the thickest layer of the pad?

Answer 46

Epidermis

Question 47

What is SQ layer in pad responsible for?

Answer 47

Shock absorption

Question 48

What are horse pads called (2)?

Answer 48

Chestnuts, ergots

Question 49

Where are ergots located?

Answer 49

located on palmar aspect of fetlock

Question 50

Chestnut analogous to in dogs? Ergots?

Answer 50

Carpal; metacarpal

Question 51

Does the claw continuously grow? What part specifically?

Answer 51

YES; epidermis

Question 52

CR: What part of the claw bleeds when cut?

Answer 52

Dermis layer

Question 53

What is significant about the hoof?

Answer 53

Critical weightbearing structure for ungulates

Question 54

Composition of horns? Continuously growing?

Answer 54

Bony process encapsulated by heavily cornified epidermal tissue; YES

Question 55

What is the horn's growth dependent on?

Answer 55

Nutrition, energy demands

Question 56

Describe location and composition of anal glands? CR?

Answer 56

L/R adjacent to anal sphincter, lined with sebaceous/sweat glands, open @ anocutaneous junction Anal gland expression

Question 56

What happens to the cornual process overtime? CR?

Answer 56

Pneumatization; can consider dehorning

Question 57

What are anal sacs lined with?

Answer 57

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 58

Function of anal sacs? Voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 58

Marking; voluntary

Question 59

Sheep have how many cutaneous pouches? What lines walls? Function?

Answer 59

3; sweat/sebaceous glands; scent marker

Question 60

Ungulates have a jugular groove that is defined by what layer?

Answer 60

Dermis

Question 61

Jugular groove particularly thick in what species? CR?

Answer 61

Cattle; cut down procedure may be required

Question 62

What two species is it hard to identify? Why?

Answer 62

Pig (lack distinct groove) and sheep (missing sternocephalicus m.)

Question 63

Identify the three regions of Viborg's Triangle.

Answer 63

1. Caudal border of mandible 2. Tendon of sternocephalicus 3. Linguofacial vein