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Exam 1 Form and Function > Common Integument - Anatomy > Flashcards

Common Integument - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of integere?

A

in, to cover

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2
Q

What does the integumental system cover?

A

skin AND hair, pili m., claws, hooves, horns, glands

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3
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous

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4
Q

How many layers of epidermis? (NAME outermost to innermost)

A

4-5 layers (5th is regional), stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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5
Q

Composition of stratum corneum?

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

Composition of stratum basale?

A

Melanocytes and Langerhans

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7
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis?

A

connective

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8
Q

Functions of stratum basale?

A

Mitotic cell division, Separates epidermis and dermis, pushes cell upwards to replenish layers

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9
Q

Main function of dermis?

A

Nourishes epidermis

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10
Q

What layer defines the thickness of the skin?

A

Dermis

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11
Q

What directions does the thickness of dermis decrease on the abdomen and limbs?

A

Abdomen- dorsal to ventral
Limbs- Proximal to distal

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11
Q

What species has the thickest dermis?

A

Cattle

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12
Q

What is the hypodermis layer also called?

A

SQ

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13
Q

What is the composition of hypodermis?

A

Loose connective tissue

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14
Q

How does the hypodermis differ between species?

A

More hypodermis: sheep, dog, cat
Less hypodermis: horse, ox, goat

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15
Q

Where is there less hypodermis?

A

Lips, eyelids, ears

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16
Q

Function of hypodermis in feet?

A

Cushioning/Padding

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17
Q

List the seven appendageal structures of the integument system.

A
  1. Hair
  2. Glands
  3. Pads
  4. Chestnuts, ergots
  5. Claws, hooves
  6. Horns
  7. Cutaneous pouches
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17
Q

CR of hypodermis?

A

Skin pinch- hydration test
Equine Metabolic Syndrome

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18
Q

Definition of pili?

A

hairs of all types

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19
Q

Composition of hair?

A

Modified epidermis (columns of elastic horn tissue)

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20
Q

What is hair follicle?

A

invagination of epidermis

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21
Q

What are arrector pili mm.? Involuntary or voluntary?

A

Smooth m., involuntary

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22
Q

What type of hair provides the outer coat in domestic animals? Example?

A

Guard hairs; mane

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23
Q

What is the undercoat hair called? Example?

A

Wool coat; bristles in swine

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24
Q

What are tactile hairs?

A

Specialized guard hairs, thicker and longer

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25
Q

What are tactile hairs surrounded by?

A

Hair follicle surrounded by a blood filled sinus which amplifies movement; also have arrector pili that activate when aroused

25
Q

Where are sebaceous glands? CR?

A

Concentration around lips and face; cats can get chin acne

26
Q

What is the consistency of sebaceous glands?

27
Q

Apocrine sweat gland consistency? Function?

A

protein rich secretion; responsible for odor

28
Q

Eccrine sweat gland consistency?

A

Watery secretion

29
Q

CR of sweat glands?

A

inability to sweat

30
Q

Location of eccrine sweat glands?

A

Pads of carnivores and frog of horse foot

31
Q

CR of sweat/sebaceous glands?

A

Underproduction due to illness = dry, dull coat

32
Q

What are mammary glands?

A

modified sweat glands

33
Q

What layer of skin are mammary glands located?

A

Hypodermis

34
Q

Term associated with one teat?

35
Q

Collective term for mammary of bitch, queen, sow

A

Mammary glands

36
Q

Collective term for mammary of cow, ewe, doe, mare?

37
Q

How many mammae of cow?

A

4 inguinal teats

38
Q

CR of mammary glands?

A

Mastitis, tumors

39
Q

Definition of supernumerary teats?

A

Nonfunctional extra teats

40
Q

How many pairs of mammae in dogs? CR?

A

5 pairs; spaying dog significantly reduces chances of tumors

41
Q

How many teats do ewes, mares, and does have?

A

2 inguinal

42
Q

What are paw pads?

A

Modified epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

43
Q

Function of paw pads?

A

Weight bearing and shock absorbing

44
Q

What type of sweat glands do carnivores and horses have?

45
Q

Nonfunctional pad in dogs?

46
Q

What is the thickest layer of the pad?

47
Q

What is SQ layer in pad responsible for?

A

Shock absorption

48
Q

What are horse pads called (2)?

A

Chestnuts, ergots

49
Q

Where are ergots located?

A

located on palmar aspect of fetlock

50
Q

Chestnut analogous to in dogs? Ergots?

A

Carpal; metacarpal

51
Q

Does the claw continuously grow? What part specifically?

A

YES; epidermis

52
Q

CR: What part of the claw bleeds when cut?

A

Dermis layer

53
Q

What is significant about the hoof?

A

Critical weightbearing structure for ungulates

54
Q

Composition of horns? Continuously growing?

A

Bony process encapsulated by heavily cornified epidermal tissue; YES

55
Q

What is the horn’s growth dependent on?

A

Nutrition, energy demands

56
Q

Describe location and composition of anal glands? CR?

A

L/R adjacent to anal sphincter, lined with sebaceous/sweat glands, open @ anocutaneous junction
Anal gland expression

56
Q

What happens to the cornual process overtime? CR?

A

Pneumatization; can consider dehorning

57
Q

What are anal sacs lined with?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

58
Q

Function of anal sacs? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Marking; voluntary

59
Q

Sheep have how many cutaneous pouches? What lines walls? Function?

A

3; sweat/sebaceous glands; scent marker

60
Q

Ungulates have a jugular groove that is defined by what layer?

61
Q

Jugular groove particularly thick in what species? CR?

A

Cattle; cut down procedure may be required

62
Q

What two species is it hard to identify? Why?

A

Pig (lack distinct groove) and sheep (missing sternocephalicus m.)

63
Q

Identify the three regions of Viborg’s Triangle.

A
  1. Caudal border of mandible
  2. Tendon of sternocephalicus
  3. Linguofacial vein

Exam 1 Form and Function (8 decks)

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