Integument Physiology II

Question 1

Thickness of skin layers (from thickest to thinnest).

Answer 1

Hypodermis, dermis, epidermis

Question 1

Pneumonic for layers of epidermis?

Answer 1

Come Get Sun Burnt

Question 2

List four layers of epidermis? Innermost to outermost?

Answer 2

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Question 3

How many layers in stratum basale? Types of cells? Most common type of cell? Movement?

Answer 3

Single layer; columnar to cubiodal cells; keratinocytes; upwards to replenish epidermis

Question 3

Main functions of stratum basale?

Answer 3

1. Anchor epidermis to dermis
2. Proliferative and reparative (stem cell function)

Question 4

What is another name for the stratum spinosum?

Answer 4

Prickle cell layer

Question 5

Composition of SS?

Answer 5

Daughter cells of SB

Question 6

How many layers in SS?

Answer 6

1-2 layers thick

Question 6

Why is the SS also called prickle cell layer?

Answer 6

keratinocytes are also connected by intercellular bridges or prickles

Question 7

What does the stratum spinosum synthesize?

Answer 7

lamellar granules (glycoproteins, glycolipids, phospholipids)

Question 8

Function of lamellar granules?

Answer 8

barrier function

Question 9

Composition of SG?

Answer 9

SS and SS daughter cells

Question 10

Three substances in SG?

Answer 10

Pilofilaggrin, keratin filaments, loricin

Question 10

SG thickness in haired vs non haired regions?

Answer 10

1-2 cells thick; 4-8 cells thick

Question 11

Cell shape and color of SG?

Answer 11

Flattened and basophilic (blue)

Question 11

What are filaggrin degradation products responsible for?

Answer 11

SC hydration and UV light barrier

Question 12

SG nuclei size and substance in cytoplasm?

Answer 12

small, keratohyalin granules

Question 13

Keratinocytes are constantly being ____ in SC.

Answer 13

shed

Question 14

Cell shape of corneocytes, nuclei composition, and type of cell in SC?

Answer 14

flattened, anuclear cells, eosinophilic

Question 15

Where are corneocytes located in the SC?

Answer 15

multilayered zone suspended in extracellular lipid matrix

Question 16

How often do dogs replace their epidermal layer?

Answer 16

Every 20-25 days

Question 16

What do corneocytes contain?

Answer 16

Humectants/sunscreens

Question 17

What are adnexa?

Answer 17

Structures of the skin

Question 17

What maintains epidermal thickness?

Answer 17

Proliferation of basal cells

Question 18

What is the function of the cornified envelope?

Answer 18

Structural support to the cell and resists invasion

Question 19

In hairless areas, hair follicles include ___________ __________.

Answer 19

mucocutaneous junctions

Question 20

Describe simple vs compound hair follicles. Example of species of each.

Answer 20

Simple: single hair from one orifice Ex. Pig, horse Compound: Multiple hairs from one orifice Ex. dogs, cats, sheep

Question 21

Describe primary vs. secondary hair shafts.

Answer 21

Larger "guard hairs" Smaller "undercoat"

Question 22

What are tactile hairs, what are they surrounded by and function?

Answer 22

Large, simple hair Surrounded by blood sinus Sensory

Question 22

Describe the anatomy of a follicle (3 parts)

Answer 22

Infundibulum: Superficial part Isthmus: middle part, arrector pili m. attachment Inferior: deepest, produces shaft (anagen), holds during rest (telogen)

Question 23

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Answer 23

sebum- oily secretion

Question 24

What do sebaceous glands combine with to form?

Answer 24

Combines with sweat to create hydration and chemical barrier

Question 25

Where do sweat glands open up into?

Answer 25

superficial portion of hair follicle

Question 25

What are sweat glands lined with?

Answer 25

Epithelium and contractile myoepithelial cells

Question 25

Where do sebaceous glands open into on hair follicles? Some open up where?

Answer 25

deep portion of infundibulum; open on surface of the skin

Question 26

Difference between apocrine and eccrine glands?

Answer 26

Apocrine: on the hair follicle Eccrine: NOT on the hair follicle, open on the epidermal surface, tubular

Question 27

What are the four stages of the hair cycle?

Answer 27

1. Anagen 2. Catagen 3. Telogen 4. Exogen

Question 28

Provide one word association with each of the hair cycles. (Anagen, catagen, telogen, exogen)

Answer 28

Anagen: Growth Catagen: Regression Telogen: Resting Exogen: Shedding

Question 29

Where does cyclic activity primarily occur?

Answer 29

Below the insertion of arrector pili m. of hair follicle

Question 30

What does the duration of phase depend on?

Answer 30

age region breed sex physio/path factors

Question 31

What is the hair cycle controlled by?

Answer 31

Photoperiod Ambient Temp Nutrition Hormones Overall Health Genetics