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Exam 1 Form and Function > Ruminant Behavior > Flashcards

Ruminant Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Where do ruminants have a blind spot?

A

Rear and narrow vision in front

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2
Q

What is the trade off of high field of view? Example complication?

A

Poor clarity; shadows can look like holes

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3
Q

What is a special olfactory tool of ruminants?

A

Can pass pheromones to other animals to signal threats

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4
Q

What is best practice regarding handling facilities?

A

Make sure animals are acclimated to handling systems

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5
Q

Relationship between cattle?

A

Dominant-subordinate relationship and matriarchial

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5
Q

What are examples of novel objects?

A

-Shiny metal
-Flapping paper towels
-Dangling chains
-Coats on fences

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6
Q

What is the best handling equipment?

A

Flags, paddles

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6
Q

How do cattle prove initial dominance?

A

head butting
mounting
chasing
displacement

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7
Q

How do cattle move? Dominant position and leader role?

A

Single file line
Middle
High seeking behaviors, low in fear

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8
Q

Difference between HA relationships of dairy and cattle?

A

Dairy -More reliant on humans
Beef- more protective over calves

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9
Q

What are the do’s of animal handling?

A

Approach from animal’s point of view, use flight zone, move slowly, speak calm tones, take breaks

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10
Q

What are the don’ts of animal handling?

A

Yell, stand in blind spots, fast or sudden movements, hit animal, sharp shadows, move animal forward with no where to go, isolate animals, overcrowd animals

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11
Q

What are the rules for electric prods?

A

ONLY for adults
Animals must have forward movement
Use sparingly
Never apply to sensitive areas

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12
Q

Social hierarchy of sheep?

A

Fluid
Dominant-lead
Contains family units
Ram/ewes separate during breeding season

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13
Q

What is the structure of sheep?

A

Mutual protection and shared resources

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13
Q

When conducting a physical exam on a single sheep, what should you not do?

A

Isolate it

14
Q

What number of sheep is required minimum for normal flocking behavior?

A

Five

15
Q

What is dominance determined by (in goats)?

A

Age
Sex
Horns

15
Q

What does it mean if a sheep separates from the flock?

A

Sickness

16
Q

Social structure of goats?

A

Fluid, limit aggression

17
Q

What is pecking order determined by (in goats)?

A

Headbutting

18
Q

What are the dominant male roles in goats?

A

Protecting herd and guarding rear

19
Q

What is the dominant female role in goats?

A

leads herd to grazing areas

20
Q

Difference between goat and sheep behavior?

A

Goats are more curious so they may range further
Engage in play behaviors
Interact more/curious about humans

21
Q

Negative interaction affect on fear and interaction? Examples of negative human animal interactions?

A

Increases fear and avoids contact
Abrupt movements, pushing, shouting, kicking, electric prods.

22
Q

What do cows remember?

A

Which humans approach them gently

23
Q

Neutral interaction affect on fear and interaction? Examples?

A

Fear decreases but still avoidant behavior
Gentle handling, gentle use of sticks and flags

24
Q

Positive interaction affect on fear and interaction? Examples?

A

fear absent and physical contact
Slow movements, whispers, petting

25
Q

Averse handling results?

A

Increased dirtiness
Decreased pregnancy rates
Decreased fetus survival
Decreased meat tenderness

26
Q

Gentle handling results?

A

Increased milk yield
Lower cortisol
Increased HA interactions
Positive effect on maternal care

27
Q

Provide examples of fear responses in cattle.

A

Heads up w/ ears alert
Ears pinned back
Defecation
Tail swishing
Milling

28
Q

Provide examples of fear responses in goats.

A

Cowering
Head lowering
Fleeing
Increased HR/RR
Sweating

Exam 1 Form and Function (8 decks)

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