Thoracic And Abdominal Regions

Question 1

Key Landmarks:

Answer 1

Sternum: jugular notch, body of sternum, xiphoid process
Nipple line: t4 dermatome level
Ribs
Pectoralis Major
Serratus Anterior

Question 2

Bones of the thoracic region consist of

Answer 2

12 pairs of thoracic ribs
12 pairs of costal cartilages
12 thoracic vertebrae
12 intervertebral discs
- sternum, mandibruim, xiphoid process, jugular notch, clavicular notch
Intercostal spaces- in between ribs and cartilages - contains intercostal muscles, vessels and nerves

Question 3

Three classes of ribs

Answer 3

True ribs - (vertebrosterno ribs) 1st-7th ribs. These ribs attach directly onto the sternum via their costal cartilages
False ribs- (vertebrochondral ribs) 8th-10th ribs. Connected only by cartilage to the rib superior to them.
Floating (free) ribs - 11th and 12th ribs and end in posterior abdominal musculature

Question 4

Typical rib parts (thoracic 3-9)

Answer 4

Head of rib
Superior and inferior facet
Neck of rib
Tubercle of rib
Body of rib
Angle
Groove

Question 5

Joints of the thoracic region

Answer 5

Costovertebral joints - synovial joint - plane. Head of rib with facet of corresponding vertebrae. Radiate ligament strengthens joint capsule. Ex - 7th rib will articulate with superior t7
Costotransverse joints - synovial joint - plane. Tubercle of rib with transverse process of corresponding vertebrae. Lateral costrottransverse ligament: superior and lateral strengthens joint capsule. Ex - 7th rib with articulate with t7 transverse process

Movements - elevation and depression

Question 6

Muscles of the thoracic wall are all innervated by the

Answer 6

Intercostal nerve

Question 7

All three intercostals

Answer 7

External - elevates ribs during forced inspiration; internal and innermost - elevates and depresses of ribs during forced respiration

Question 8

Transverse Thoracis

Answer 8

Action : depression of ribs

Question 9

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 9

Action : elevation of ribs

Question 10

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 10

Action : depression of ribs

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

-separated thorax from abdomen
-innervated by phrenic nerves
- inspiration diaphragm increases vertical dimension - also causes rib cage to expand and become wider
- expiration diaphragm becomes narrow

Question 12

Intercostal space - external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal

Answer 12

Intercostal nerves - come from ventral rami of t1-t11 spinal nerves. t12 is a spinal nerve of subcostal nerves

Intercostal arteries
Intercostal veins
Intercostal muscles

Question 13

Surface view of abdomen (know for netter)

Answer 13

Umbilicus

Rectus abdominus

External oblique

Linea Alba

Abdomen is bound by diaphragm (superiorly) pelvis cavity (inferiorly) and abdominal walls

Question 14

Muscles of abdomen
- external oblique

Answer 14

Innervation - thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves
Actions - compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk

Question 15

Muscles of abdomen
- internal oblique

Answer 15

Innervation - thoracoabdominal nerves
Actions - compress and support abdominal viscera: flex and rotate trunk

Question 16

Muscles of abdomen
- transversus abdominis

Answer 16

Innervation : thoracoabdominal nerves
Actions : compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Question 17

Muscles of abdomen
- rectus abdominis

Answer 17

Innervation : thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves
Actions : flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera; stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antillordosis)

Question 18

Muscles of abdomen
- posterior muscles
Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 18

extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column