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Anatomy Exam 1 > Basic Human Anatomy & Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Basic Human Anatomy & Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What does Anatomical Position entail?

A

standing erect
face positioned anteriorly
feet parallel
toes anterior
arms at side
palms facing forward/anterior

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2
Q

Anatomical Planes

A

Sagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (horizontal)

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3
Q

Describe the Sagittal Plane

A

vertical plane that is parallel to the median place; used to describe movements that go from front to back of the body

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4
Q

Describe the Transverse Plane

A

horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves; describes movements that move in a horizontal orientation

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4
Q

Describe the Frontal Plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves; describes movements that go from side to side of the body

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5
Q

Term Meaning: superior/cranial

A

towards head

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6
Q

Term Meaning: inferior/caudal

A

towards feet

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7
Q

Term Meaning: lateral

A

away from midline/away from median plane

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8
Q

Term Meaning: medial

A

towards midline/ towards median plane

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9
Q

Term Meaning: anterior

A

towards front of body

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10
Q

Term Meaning: posterior

A

towards back of body

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11
Q

Term Meaning: proximal

A

near trunk/ near point of origin

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12
Q

Term Meaning: distal

A

away from trunk/ away from point of origin

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13
Q

Term Meaning: palmar

A

pertains to palm of hand

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14
Q

Term Meaning: plantar

A

pertains to sole of foot

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15
Q

Term Meaning: dorsal

A

towards back or posterior of forearm/hand

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16
Q

Term Meaning: volar

A

towards palmar or anterior of forearm/hand

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17
Q

Term Meaning: superficial

A

towards the surface

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18
Q

Term Meaning: intermediate

A

between superficial and deep

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19
Q

Term Meaning: deep

A

further from surface

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20
Q

Term Meaning: bilateral

A

both sides

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21
Q

Term Meaning: unilateral

A

one side

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22
Q

Term Meaning: ipsilateral

A

same side

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23
Q

Term Meaning: contralateral

A

opposite side

24
Q

Movements of neck

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion R and L
rotation R and L

25
Q

Movements of trunk

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion R and L
rotation R and L

26
Q

Movements of scapula

A

protraction/retraction
elevation/depression
upward rotation downward rotation

27
Q

Movements of shoulder

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal rotation/ external rotation (adducted and abducted)
horizontal adduction/horizontal abduction

28
Q

Movements of elbow

A

flexion/extension

29
Q

Movements of forearm

A

supination/pronation

30
Q

Movements of wrist

A

flexion/extension
ulnar deviation/radial deviation

31
Q

Movements of hand

A

thumb CMC palmar abduction/adduction
flexion/extension (radial abduction)
opposition

32
Q

Movements of hip

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal rotation/ external rotation

33
Q

Movements of knee

A

flexion/extension

34
Q

Movements of ankle

A

plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
inversion/eversion

35
Q

Movements of jaw

A

protrusion/retrusion

36
Q

Layers of skin

A

epidermis (superficial)
dermis (deep)
superficial fascia
deep fascia

37
Q

Characteristics of the epidermis

A

tough, keratin outer surface
sheds every 25-45 days
avascular (no blood vessels)
afferent (carry information to brain) nerve endings: touch, pain, and temperature

38
Q

Characteristics of dermis

A

dense, strong layer of collagen and elastic fibers
orientation of collagen fibers determines tension lines
deep layer contains hair follicles, arrector pili muscles and sebaceous glands
contraction of arrector pili = hair standing up/ goosebumps
vascular

39
Q

Characteristics of superficial fascia

A

referred to as subcutaneous tissue
made up of loose connective tissue and fat (fat storage)
found between dermis and deep fascia
contains sweat glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and cutaneous nerves (provide sensation for skin)

40
Q

Characteristics of deep fascia

A

dense, organized connective tissue that contains NO fat
covers all body parts deep to the skin
divides muscles via intramuscular septa
forms: retinaculum (flexor/extensor) and bursae (subacromial bursa)

41
Q

Dupytren’s Contracture

A

contracture of the superficial fascia of the hand involving one or more digits; does NOT respond to conservative therapy (needs injections or surgery)

42
Q

Burn classifications (and which level of skin is involved)

A

Superficial Burn: superficial epidermis
Partial Thickness Burn: epidermis and superficial dermis
Full Thickness Burn: epidermis, dermis, may include muscle and bone

43
Q

Skeletal System Functions

A

provides support for the body and protection of vital organs
provides the mechanical basis for movement
produces new blood cells
storage for salts

44
Q

What is Cartilage

A

connective tissue
avascular
can be found at ends of bones where joints form (articular cartilage)
can be found where flexibility is needed (costal cartilages)

45
Q

Skeletal System parts

A

axial and appendicular

46
Q

Axial Skeletal System (which parts of the body)

A

head (cranium)
hyoid
neck (cervical vertebrae)
vertebrae (including sacrum)
ribs & sternum

47
Q

Appendicular Skeletal System (which parts of the body)

A

upper extremities (including shoulder girdle)
lower extremities (including pelvic girdle)

48
Q

Two types of Long Bone

A

compact (thin outer layer; weight bearing; compact bone greatest at shaft of bone)
spongy (center of bone (replaced by medullary cavity)

49
Q

What is periosteum?

A

connective tissue that surrounds bone

50
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

cartilage at ends of bone where joints form

51
Q

What is an epiphyseal plate?

A

growth plate

52
Q

Joint Classifications

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

53
Q

Synovial Joint Characteristics

A

joint cavity
synovial lining that secretes synovial fluid
smooth articular cartilage
joint capsule and ligaments

54
Q

Types of Synovial Joints (with examples)

A

plane joint - joints in between metacarpal bones
pivot - joint between first and second vertebrae
hinge - DIP, PIP, knee
condyloid - wrist
saddle - CMC joint
ball and socket - shoulder

55
Q

Heterotypic Ossificans

A

bones forms in soft tissue
most common in elbow
possibly caused by muscle strain that results in ossification

56
Q

Bone fractures

A

broken bones
treated with closed reduction (cast) or open reduction internal fixation (pins, rods)
bones must be realigned to facilitate healing

57
Q

Osteoporosis

A

osteopenia –> loss of bone density (thinning of bone)
osteopenia can progress into osteoporosis
osteoporosis –> severe bone loss; can lead to fractures

Anatomy Exam 1 (6 decks)

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