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Anatomy Exam 1 > Basic Human Anatomy & Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Basic Human Anatomy & Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What does Anatomical Position entail?

A

standing erect
face positioned anteriorly
feet parallel
toes anterior
arms at side
palms facing forward/anterior

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2
Q

Anatomical Planes

A

Sagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (horizontal)

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3
Q

Describe the Sagittal Plane

A

vertical plane that is parallel to the median place; used to describe movements that go from front to back of the body

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4
Q

Describe the Transverse Plane

A

horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves; describes movements that move in a horizontal orientation

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4
Q

Describe the Frontal Plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves; describes movements that go from side to side of the body

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5
Q

Term Meaning: superior/cranial

A

towards head

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6
Q

Term Meaning: inferior/caudal

A

towards feet

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7
Q

Term Meaning: lateral

A

away from midline/away from median plane

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8
Q

Term Meaning: medial

A

towards midline/ towards median plane

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9
Q

Term Meaning: anterior

A

towards front of body

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10
Q

Term Meaning: posterior

A

towards back of body

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11
Q

Term Meaning: proximal

A

near trunk/ near point of origin

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12
Q

Term Meaning: distal

A

away from trunk/ away from point of origin

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13
Q

Term Meaning: palmar

A

pertains to palm of hand

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14
Q

Term Meaning: plantar

A

pertains to sole of foot

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15
Q

Term Meaning: dorsal

A

towards back or posterior of forearm/hand

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16
Q

Term Meaning: volar

A

towards palmar or anterior of forearm/hand

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17
Q

Term Meaning: superficial

A

towards the surface

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18
Q

Term Meaning: intermediate

A

between superficial and deep

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19
Q

Term Meaning: deep

A

further from surface

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20
Q

Term Meaning: bilateral

A

both sides

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21
Q

Term Meaning: unilateral

A

one side

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22
Q

Term Meaning: ipsilateral

A

same side

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23
Q

Term Meaning: contralateral

A

opposite side

24
Movements of neck
flexion/extension lateral flexion R and L rotation R and L
25
Movements of trunk
flexion/extension lateral flexion R and L rotation R and L
26
Movements of scapula
protraction/retraction elevation/depression upward rotation downward rotation
27
Movements of shoulder
flexion/extension abduction/adduction internal rotation/ external rotation (adducted and abducted) horizontal adduction/horizontal abduction
28
Movements of elbow
flexion/extension
29
Movements of forearm
supination/pronation
30
Movements of wrist
flexion/extension ulnar deviation/radial deviation
31
Movements of hand
thumb CMC palmar abduction/adduction flexion/extension (radial abduction) opposition
32
Movements of hip
flexion/extension abduction/adduction internal rotation/ external rotation
33
Movements of knee
flexion/extension
34
Movements of ankle
plantar flexion/dorsiflexion inversion/eversion
35
Movements of jaw
protrusion/retrusion
36
Layers of skin
epidermis (superficial) dermis (deep) superficial fascia deep fascia
37
Characteristics of the epidermis
tough, keratin outer surface sheds every 25-45 days avascular (no blood vessels) afferent (carry information to brain) nerve endings: touch, pain, and temperature
38
Characteristics of dermis
dense, strong layer of collagen and elastic fibers orientation of collagen fibers determines tension lines deep layer contains hair follicles, arrector pili muscles and sebaceous glands contraction of arrector pili = hair standing up/ goosebumps vascular
39
Characteristics of superficial fascia
referred to as subcutaneous tissue made up of loose connective tissue and fat (fat storage) found between dermis and deep fascia contains sweat glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and cutaneous nerves (provide sensation for skin)
40
Characteristics of deep fascia
dense, organized connective tissue that contains NO fat covers all body parts deep to the skin divides muscles via intramuscular septa forms: retinaculum (flexor/extensor) and bursae (subacromial bursa)
41
Dupytren's Contracture
contracture of the superficial fascia of the hand involving one or more digits; does NOT respond to conservative therapy (needs injections or surgery)
42
Burn classifications (and which level of skin is involved)
Superficial Burn: superficial epidermis Partial Thickness Burn: epidermis and superficial dermis Full Thickness Burn: epidermis, dermis, may include muscle and bone
43
Skeletal System Functions
provides support for the body and protection of vital organs provides the mechanical basis for movement produces new blood cells storage for salts
44
What is Cartilage
connective tissue avascular can be found at ends of bones where joints form (articular cartilage) can be found where flexibility is needed (costal cartilages)
45
Skeletal System parts
axial and appendicular
46
Axial Skeletal System (which parts of the body)
head (cranium) hyoid neck (cervical vertebrae) vertebrae (including sacrum) ribs & sternum
47
Appendicular Skeletal System (which parts of the body)
upper extremities (including shoulder girdle) lower extremities (including pelvic girdle)
48
Two types of Long Bone
compact (thin outer layer; weight bearing; compact bone greatest at shaft of bone) spongy (center of bone (replaced by medullary cavity)
49
What is periosteum?
connective tissue that surrounds bone
50
What is articular cartilage?
cartilage at ends of bone where joints form
51
What is an epiphyseal plate?
growth plate
52
Joint Classifications
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
53
Synovial Joint Characteristics
joint cavity synovial lining that secretes synovial fluid smooth articular cartilage joint capsule and ligaments
54
Types of Synovial Joints (with examples)
plane joint - joints in between metacarpal bones pivot - joint between first and second vertebrae hinge - DIP, PIP, knee condyloid - wrist saddle - CMC joint ball and socket - shoulder
55
Heterotypic Ossificans
bones forms in soft tissue most common in elbow possibly caused by muscle strain that results in ossification
56
Bone fractures
broken bones treated with closed reduction (cast) or open reduction internal fixation (pins, rods) bones must be realigned to facilitate healing
57
Osteoporosis
osteopenia --> loss of bone density (thinning of bone) osteopenia can progress into osteoporosis osteoporosis --> severe bone loss; can lead to fractures

Anatomy Exam 1 (6 decks)

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