Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle in the Muscular System?

Answer 1

cardiac striated muscle
smooth muscle
skeletal striated muscle

Question 2

Describe cardiac striated muscle.

Answer 2

heart muscle - pumps blood
involuntary - autonomic nervous system)

Question 3

Describe smooth muscle.

Answer 3

muscle of organs and vessels
involuntary (unstriated autonomic nervous system)

Question 4

Describe skeletal striated muscle.

Answer 4

moves body parts
voluntary (somatic nervous system)

Question 5

What are the three connective tissue sheaths?

Answer 5

epimysium (muscle)
perimysium (bundle)
endomysium (muscle fiber)

Question 6

What is the sarcolemma?

Answer 6

cell membrane

Question 7

What is myofibril?

Answer 7

muscle fiber

Question 8

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 8

a functional contractile unit
made up of actin and myosin

Question 9

What are the functions of muscle?

Answer 9

provide movement
provide static support
helps to form the body
provides heat

Question 10

What are the different muscle classifications?

Answer 10

pennate
fusiform
flat
convergent
circular

Question 11

Describe pennate muscles

Answer 11

many short featherlike fibers
unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate
produce greater strength

Question 12

Describe fusiform muscles

Answer 12

spindle shape
produce greater ROM

Question 13

Describe flat muscles

Answer 13

muscle fibers are parallel
with an aponeurosis (sheath of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone)

Question 14

Describe convergent muscles

Answer 14

fan shaped
broad attachment
converges to a tendon

Question 15

Describe circular muscles

Answer 15

circles around an opening
contracts the opening when muscle contracts

Question 16

What percentage of a muscle’s resting length can contract?

Answer 16

70%

Question 17

What term describes a proximal attachment?

Answer 17

origin

Question 18

What term describes a distal attachment?

Answer 18

insertion

Question 19

What happens to an origin during contraction?

Answer 19

origin remains fixed during contraction

Question 20

What happens to an insertion during contraction?

Answer 20

insertion moves during contraction

Question 21

What are the two types of phasic contractions?

Answer 21

isometric and isotonic

Question 22

Describe isotonic contraction.

Answer 22

contraction that results in movement

Question 23

Describe isometric contraction.

Answer 23

contraction that does not result in movement

Question 24

Two types of isotonic contractions.

Answer 24

Eccentric and Concentric

Question 25

Describe eccentric contraction.

Answer 25

muscle lengthens during movement

Question 26

Describe concentric contraction.

Answer 26

muscle shortens during movement

Question 27

Describe the function of a Prime Mover or Agonist muscle.

Answer 27

responsible for producing the main movement

Question 28

Describe the function of a Fixator muscle.

Answer 28

fixates the joint proximal to the joint that is moving to allow for isolate movement

Question 29

Describe the function of a Neutralizer muscle.

Answer 29

cancels out the action of a muscle at a biaxial or triaxial joint to allow the prime mover to isolate the movement (an example is stabilizing the hip to allow for knee movement to be isolated)

Question 30

Describe the function of a Synergist muscle.

Answer 30

compliments the prime mover

Question 31

Describe the function of an Antagonist muscle.

Answer 31

relaxes to allow the prime mover to contract

Question 32

What is the grading scale of Manual Muscle Testing

Answer 32

0-5

Question 33

What does an Electromyography do?

Answer 33

uses surface electrodes to determine muscle activity