Neck

Question 1

Describe the Hyoid Bone

Answer 1

no articulation with other bones
it is an attachment for neck muscles
acts as a prop to open airway

Question 2

Describe the superficial fascia of the neck

Answer 2

subcutaneous tissue of the neck
located between the dermis and deep cervical fascia
contains blood, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, fat, and platysma

Question 3

Connections of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 3

connected to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

Question 4

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

Answer 4

innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Question 5

Platysma innervation

Answer 5

innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 6

Where is the Larynx located?

Answer 6

located between C3-C6 vertebrae

Question 7

What are the roles of the Larynx?

Answer 7

voice production
protecting airway during swallowing
acts as sphincter or valve

Question 8

What two things does the larynx connect to each other?

Answer 8

the pharynx and the trachea

Question 9

Larynx attachments

Answer 9

hyoid bone (superior attachment)
trachea (inferior attachment)

Question 10

Longus colli innervation

Answer 10

anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

Question 11

Longus colli function

Answer 11

flexes neck; bending of cervical vertebrae

Question 12

Longus capitis function

Answer 12

flexion of head on neck

Question 13

Rector capitis anterior function

Answer 13

flexion of head on neck

Question 14

Middle scalene function

Answer 14

flexes neck laterally; forced inspiration; elevates 1st rib

Question 15

Posterior scalene function

Answer 15

flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiratoin

Question 16

Parts of the Pharynx

Answer 16

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 17

Pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 17

superior
middle
inferior

Question 18

Steps of deglutition

Answer 18

1. Voluntary: Food placed in mouth, bolus is formed, bolus is pressed against the palate and moved to back of the mouth to the oropharynx
2. Involuntary: Soft palate is elevated which seals off the nasopharynx, suprahyoid muscles elevate larynx, epiglottis seals off airway, pharynx widens to receive bolus
3. Involuntary: Sequential contractions of the pharyngeal constrictors forced food bolus into esophagus; bolus moves down esophagus by peristaltic contractions

Question 19

What sort of movement do peristaltic contractions make?

Answer 19

wave-like movements

Question 20

What is aspiration?

Answer 20

food in the airway

Question 21

What is dysphagia?

Answer 21

difficulty swallowing