Thoracic Airway and Lungs

Question 1

What are the two layers of the serous membrane?

Answer 1

Visceral layer and parietal layer

Question 2

What are the 2 layers of the serous membrane separated by?

Answer 2

Pleural cavity

Question 3

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 3

Potential space between parietal and visceral pleura q

Question 4

What does the pleural cavity contain?

Answer 4

Contains thin film of fluid

Question 5

What is the role of the pleural cavity?

Answer 5

Lubricates the surfaces of the visceral and parietal pleura

NO FRICTION

Question 6

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 6

Covers the surface of the lung and lines the lung fissures

It is continuous with the parietal pleura around the root of the lung

Question 7

What is a pleural recess?

Answer 7

when the two reserve spaces of the pleural cavity are occupied by the lung in deep respiration

Question 8

What is a costomediastinal recess?

Answer 8

Along the anterior border of lung between Costal and mediastinal pleura

Question 9

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 9

Along the inferior border of the lung between costal and diaphragmatic pleura

Question 10

What is the blood supply of the parietal pleura?

Answer 10

Intercostal vessels
Internal thoracic
Superior intercostal

Question 11

What is the blood supply of the pleura?

Answer 11

Bronchial arteries

Question 12

What is the nervous supply of the parietal pleura?

Answer 12

intercostal nerve and phrenic nerve

Question 13

What is the nervous supply of the visceral pleura?

Answer 13

Visceral nerve = pulmonary plexus

Insensitive to pain

Question 14

What is the hilum of the lung?

Answer 14

Wedge shaped area on the mediastinal surface of each lung? - know where this is

Question 15

What is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 15

A cuff of pleura extending around the structures entering or leaving the lung

Question 16

What does the pulmonary ligament allow?

Answer 16

Allows the descend of the lung root during respiration and accommodates the pulmonary veins

Question 17

What is another name for the innominate vein?

Answer 17

Braciocephalic vein

Question 18

What are the grooves in the lungs for?

Answer 18

Subclavian arteries
Brachiocephalic veins 
1st rib
oesophagus 
cardiac impression

Question 19

What does the left lung have a groove for?

Answer 19

Aorta

Question 20

What does the right lung have a groove for?

Answer 20

Azgos vein

Question 21

What does the left lung have in addition and why?

Answer 21

A cardiac notch and lingula that wraps around the apex since the apex is located to the left of the midline

Question 22

What is the trachea?

Answer 22

A flexible tube that extends from the vertebral level C6 in the lower neck to TV 4/5 in the mediastinum

Question 23

What is wrapped around the trachea?

Answer 23

C shaped cartilage

Question 24

What is the last cartilage ring known as?

Answer 24

Carina

Question 25

What is the posterior wall of the trachea composed of?

Answer 25

Smooth muscle

Question 26

What is the primary bronchi composed of?

Answer 26

C-shaped cartilaginous rings

Question 27

Where does the primary bronchi arise from?

Answer 27

The trachea after 2-3cm enter lungs

Question 28

How does the left and right bronchus differ? and why?

Answer 28

The right bronchus is slightly wider/shorter/ more vertical | Aspiration pneumonia is more common in the right lung

Question 29

How many secondary bronchi?

Answer 29

There is one secondary bronchus for each lobe

Question 30

How many tertiary bronchi?

Answer 30

One tertiary bronchus for each segment

Question 31

What is significant about smooth muscle?

Answer 31

No cartilage only smooth muscle

Question 32

What is a bronchpulmonary segment?

Answer 32

Area of lung that is supplied by a segmental bronchus and its accompanying pulmonary artery branch

Question 33

How is the bronchpulmonary segment shaped?

Answer 33

Shaped like an irregular cone

Question 34

How many bronchpulmonary segment is in each lung?

Answer 34

There are 10 pulmonary segments in each lung

Question 35

What is the route of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 35

Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back, and to the left Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung

Question 36

What is the route of the right pulmonary?

Answer 36

Right pulmonary artery - passes posterior to ascending aorta and superior vena cava to hilum of right lung

Question 37

What is the route of the left pulmonary artery?

Answer 37

Left pulmonary artery- passes anterior to descending aorta and left main bronchus to hilum of left lung

Question 38

Where do the 2 left bronchial arteries originate from?

Answer 38

The thoracic artery

Question 39

Where does the right bronchial artery originate?

Answer 39

Intercostobronchial trunk