Thoracic Airway and Lungs Flashcards
What are the two layers of the serous membrane?
Visceral layer and parietal layer
What are the 2 layers of the serous membrane separated by?
Pleural cavity
What is the pleural cavity?
Potential space between parietal and visceral pleura q
What does the pleural cavity contain?
Contains thin film of fluid
What is the role of the pleural cavity?
Lubricates the surfaces of the visceral and parietal pleura
NO FRICTION
What is the visceral pleura?
Covers the surface of the lung and lines the lung fissures
It is continuous with the parietal pleura around the root of the lung
What is a pleural recess?
when the two reserve spaces of the pleural cavity are occupied by the lung in deep respiration
What is a costomediastinal recess?
Along the anterior border of lung between Costal and mediastinal pleura
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
Along the inferior border of the lung between costal and diaphragmatic pleura
What is the blood supply of the parietal pleura?
Intercostal vessels
Internal thoracic
Superior intercostal
What is the blood supply of the pleura?
Bronchial arteries
What is the nervous supply of the parietal pleura?
intercostal nerve and phrenic nerve
What is the nervous supply of the visceral pleura?
Visceral nerve = pulmonary plexus
Insensitive to pain
What is the hilum of the lung?
Wedge shaped area on the mediastinal surface of each lung? - know where this is
What is the pulmonary ligament?
A cuff of pleura extending around the structures entering or leaving the lung
What does the pulmonary ligament allow?
Allows the descend of the lung root during respiration and accommodates the pulmonary veins
What is another name for the innominate vein?
Braciocephalic vein
What are the grooves in the lungs for?
Subclavian arteries Brachiocephalic veins 1st rib oesophagus cardiac impression
What does the left lung have a groove for?
Aorta
What does the right lung have a groove for?
Azgos vein
What does the left lung have in addition and why?
A cardiac notch and lingula that wraps around the apex since the apex is located to the left of the midline
What is the trachea?
A flexible tube that extends from the vertebral level C6 in the lower neck to TV 4/5 in the mediastinum
What is wrapped around the trachea?
C shaped cartilage
What is the last cartilage ring known as?
Carina
What is the posterior wall of the trachea composed of?
Smooth muscle
What is the primary bronchi composed of?
C-shaped cartilaginous rings
Where does the primary bronchi arise from?
The trachea after 2-3cm enter lungs
How does the left and right bronchus differ? and why?
The right bronchus is slightly wider/shorter/ more vertical
Aspiration pneumonia is more common in the right lung
How many secondary bronchi?
There is one secondary bronchus for each lobe
How many tertiary bronchi?
One tertiary bronchus for each segment
What is significant about smooth muscle?
No cartilage only smooth muscle
What is a bronchpulmonary segment?
Area of lung that is supplied by a segmental bronchus and its accompanying pulmonary artery branch
How is the bronchpulmonary segment shaped?
Shaped like an irregular cone
How many bronchpulmonary segment is in each lung?
There are 10 pulmonary segments in each lung
What is the route of the pulmonary trunk?
Arises from right ventricle
Runs up, back, and to the left
Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung
What is the route of the right pulmonary?
Right pulmonary artery - passes posterior to ascending aorta and superior vena cava to hilum of right lung
What is the route of the left pulmonary artery?
Left pulmonary artery- passes anterior to descending aorta and left main bronchus to hilum of left lung
Where do the 2 left bronchial arteries originate from?
The thoracic artery
Where does the right bronchial artery originate?
Intercostobronchial trunk
