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ABCP-Gross-Thorax > Internal appearance of the heart > Flashcards

Internal appearance of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Posterior surface

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2
Q

What are the three borders of the heart?

A

Right border
Inferior border
Left border

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3
Q

What are the three sulci of the of the heart?

A

Coronary sulcus
Ant interventricular sulcus
Post. interventricular sulcus

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4
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

It is a vertical ridge extends on the wall of right atrium from SVC to IVC opening ,at the junction between right atrium & right auricle.

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5
Q

What does the crista terminalis correspond to?

A

To a groove called sulcus terminalis on the outer sutrface of the right atrium

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6
Q

What does the crista terminalis divide the right atrium into?

A

Posterior part and anterior part

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7
Q

What is the posterior part of the cavity of the right atrium?

A

It is smooth embriologically

Derived from sinus venosus

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8
Q

What is the the anterior part of the cavity of the right atrium?

A

Rough trabeculated by bundles of muscle fibres

Embriologically it is derived from primitive atrium

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9
Q

What are the fetal remnants of the cavity of the right atrium and where do they lie?

A

Fossa ovalis and anulus ovalis

Lie on the atrial spetum

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10
Q

What does the fossa ovalis represent?

A

Persistent septum primum of embryo. it is the site of foramen ovale in fetus

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11
Q

What does anulus ovalis respresent?

A

Septum secondum of the embryo

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12
Q

What are the openings to the right atrium?

A

SVC- no valve
IVC- guarded by a valve
Coronary sinus: lies between IVC & right antrioventricular orifice, it has a valve
Right atrioventricular orifice lies anterior to IVC opening , it is surrounded by a fibrous ring which gives attachment to the tricuspid valve
Small orificesof small veins

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13
Q

How does the cavity of the right ventricle communicate with the right atrium?

A

Through the right atrioventricular orifice

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14
Q

How does the cavity of the right ventricle communicate with the pulmonary trunk?

A

Through the pulmonary orifice

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15
Q

What are the three types of trabeculae carneae of the wall of the right ventricle?

A

Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
Moderator band

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16
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

is a funnel-shaped part of the right ventricle which lies below the pulmonary trunk.

17
Q

What is the valve on the right atrium known as?

A

Tricuspid valve

18
Q

Why is it called tricuspid?

A

Guarded by 3- cusps

19
Q

What is the tricuspid valve attached to?

A

The fibrous ring of the skeleton of the heart

20
Q

What shape are the tricuspid valves?

A

Triangle

21
Q

What are the base of the tricuspid valves attached to?

A

Atrioventriular orifice

22
Q

What is the chordae tendineae attached to?

A

one end is attached to free margin of valve,

the other end is attached to the apex of the papillary muscle,

23
Q

What are the papillary muscle ?

A

Conical muscular projection

24
Q

What are the papillary muscle attached to?

A

Base attached to ventricular wall

25
Q

What is the role of the valves. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscle?

A

The three structures form a functional unit, preventing backflow of the blood from the ventricle in to the atrium during systole

26
Q

What forms the cusp of the semi-lunar valves? and how many cusps

A

The cusps are formed by folds of endocardium with some CT enclosed
3 cusps

27
Q

What lies behind the left atrium?

A

Oblique sinus of serous pericardium lies behind it

28
Q

What does the oblique sinus separate?

A

The LA and fibrous pericarium from oesphagus

29
Q

What is the texture of the interior surface of the left atrium of the heart?

A

Smooth

30
Q

What are the openings of the left atrium of the heart

A

4 pulmonary veins

open into the left atrium and have no valves

31
Q

What guards the left atrioventricular orifice?

A

Mitral valve

32
Q

How does the left ventricle communicate with the left atrium of the heart?

A

Through the atrioventricular o

33
Q

How does the left ventricle communicate with the aorta of the heart?

A

Through the aortic orifice

34
Q

What guards the atrioventricular orifice on LHS?

A

Mitral valve and has 2 cusps

35
Q

How many cusps does the aortic valves have and what does it do?

A

3 -cusps each one bulges to form aortic sinus

36
Q

How do the pulmonary and aortic valves work?

A

Forced apart as blood is ejected from contracting ventricle
As the contracting of the ventricle stop, the elastic recoil of the pulmonary trunk and aorta forces blood back toward the ventricle, and forcing the free margins together, closing the orifice

ABCP-Gross-Thorax (9 decks)

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