Thoracic

Question 1

Ribs

Answer 1

▪️all ribs articulate with the vertebral column
▪️only upper seven ribs are true ribs that articulate with the sternum
▪️costal cartilages of ribs 8 to 10 articulate with costal cartilage of ribs above
▪️ribs 11 and 12 have no anterior connection with other ribs and therefore floating ribs

Question 2

Muscles of the abdomen

Answer 2

▪️external oblique
▪️internal oblique 
▪️transversus abdominis 
▪️rectus abdominis
▪️pyramidalis

Question 3

External oblique

Answer 3

▪️flat muscle
▪️most superficial
▪️attaches to ribs 5 to 12
▪️inserts at iliac crest and linea alba
▪️fibres run in a inferomedial direction
▪️ rotate the trunk
▪️ pull the chest downwards which compresses the abdominal cavity

Question 4

Internal oblique

Answer 4

▪️flat muscle
▪️deep to EO
▪️smaller an thinner
▪️fibres fun in a superomedial direction
▪️attaches to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
▪️inserts at ribs 10 to 12 , pubis and linea alba
▪️compression and rotation of abdomen

Question 5

Transversus abdominis

Answer 5

▪️flat muscle 
▪️deep to IO
▪️fibres run horizontally 
▪️attaches to thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilages of ribs 7 to 12
▪️inserts at pubis and linea alba
▪️compress abdomen

Question 6

Rectus abdominis

Answer 6

▪️vertical muscle
▪️long and flat
▪️attaches to pubis
▪️inserts at costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 and xiphoid process
▪️separated by tendinous intersections
▪️compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, tense abdomen wall

Question 7

Pyramidalis

Answer 7

▪️vertical muscle 
▪️small and triangular
▪️not always present 
▪️anterior to RA
▪️attaches to front of pubis 
▪️inserts to linea alba 
▪️tenses linea alba