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MSK > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal

A

▪️most anterior bone - forehead, top part of optical cavity, zygomatic process, bone part of sinus
▪️forms as 2 parts but fuses at 8th year of life

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2
Q

Sphenoid

A

▪️back of eye socket

▪️connects to zygomatic bone, frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, ethmoid bone and palatine bone.

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3
Q

Lacrimal

A

▪️small bone
▪️where tears drain out- inner corner of eye socket
▪️connected to maxilla, ethmoid, palatine and sphenoid bones.

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4
Q

Ethmoid

A

▪️part of eye socket

▪️connected to lacrimal, sphenoid, frontal and palatine bones.

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5
Q

Zygomatic (maylar )

A

▪️cheek bone
▪️prone to fracture if hit
▪️connected to frontal, temporal, maxilla and sphenoid bones.

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6
Q

Maxilla

A

▪️houses upper teeth
▪️forms roof of mouth
▪️hollow parts due to sinus

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7
Q

Mandible

A

▪️only movable part- mastication
▪️houses lower teeth
▪️connects to temporal via Temporomandibular Joint.

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8
Q

Parietal

A

▪️crown of head at the side

▪️connects to frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital bones

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9
Q

Occipital

A

▪️back of the skull

▪️connects to sphenoid, parietal, temporal and atlas vertebrae.

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10
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A

▪️thin bone
▪️arises from maxilla
▪️lined by mucosa allowing air to warm up before entering body
▪️connected to maxilla

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11
Q

Vomer

A

▪️Splits nasal cavity in half from the bottom

▪️connects to sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine and maxilla bones

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12
Q

Palatine

A

▪️aids formation of nasal cavity and top of back of mouth

▪️connects to maxilla, inferior nasal concha, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

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13
Q

Temporal

A

▪️temple of head

▪️connects to parietal, sphenoid, mandible and occipital bones.

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14
Q

Top of skull

A

▪️coronal suture going horizontally- border of frontal and parietal bones.
▪️Sagittal suture going vertically- splits parietal bones in 2.
▪️bregma- intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures (soft spot in babies)
▪️lambdoid suture going horizontally- border of parietal and occipital bones.
▪️lambda- intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
▪️sutural bone- very small bones located within the sutural joints between the cranial bones of the skull- when interlocking parts of suture breaks off and regrows.

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15
Q

Cranial Fossae

A

▪️anterior cranial fossa- frontal lobes of brain
▪️middle cranial fossa- temporal lobes of the brain and pituitary gland
▪️posterior cranial fossa- occipital lobe and cerebellum

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16
Q

Cranial Foramen

A

▪️foramen ovale- mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve 5)
▪️carotid canal- internal carotid artery
▪️jugular foramen- internal jugular vein (drains the brain), Cranial Nerve 9,10,11
▪️foramen magnum- spinal cord, vertebral arteries

17
Q

Muscles of facial expression features

A

▪️subcutaneous- insert directly into skin (Bone-skin)
▪️move the skin to provide facial expression
▪️CN 7 (facial nerve)
▪️2nd pharyngeal arch

18
Q

Muscles of mastication features

A

▪️normal skeletal muscles
▪️move mandible at TMJ
▪️CN 5 (trigeminal also nerve)
▪️from 1st pharyngeal arch

19
Q

Muscles of FE

A

▪️frontal belly of occipitofrontalis - forehead
▪️orbicularis oculi- around the eye
▪️orbicularis oris- around the mouth
▪️platsyma- around the chin/neck
▪️occipital belly of occipitofrontalis- back of head ontop of occipital bone.

20
Q

Facial nerve 7

A

▪️from brain stem
▪️FN7 enters the internal acoustic meatus
▪️exits the skull through stylomastoid foramen- between stylod and mastoid processes
▪️enters at the parotid gland (salivary gland) and branches off
-temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical branches.

21
Q

Muscles of MC

A

▪️masseter- elevation and protrusion of mandible (underneath zygomatic bone to jaw line)
▪️temporalis- elevation and retraction of mandible (covers temporal bone and some parts of frontal, parietal and sphenoid)
▪️medial pterygoid- elevation and protrusion of mandible (between sphenoid and maxilla)
▪️lateral pterygoid- protrusion of mandible (inserts on the temporomandibular joint and the condyloid process)
▪️digastric- connects skull to hyoid bone- moves jaw
▪️infrahyoid- 4pairs of muscle attach hyoid bone to clavicle

22
Q

Trigeminal nerve 5

A

▪️From brain stem
▪️comes out at foramen ovale
▪️largest cranial nerve
▪️responsible for sensation in face and motor functions- biting and chewing
▪️three branches- ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves

23
Q

Ophthalmic nerve

A

▪️purely sensory

24
Q

Maxillary nerve

A

▪️purely sensory

25
Q

Mandibular nerve

A

▪️motor and sensory functions

▪️ jaw, chin, temporal area

27
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

▪️each arch has its own-cartilage, muscles, sensory nerve, motor nerves

28
Q

TMJ

A

▪️joint between mandible and temporal bones
▪️temporal bone has a zygomatic process which links to zygomatic bone
▪️temporal bone also has a mandibular fossa where the mandible sits
▪️synovial joint
▪️ligaments- lateral temporomandibular, sphenomandibular,stylomandibular

29
Q

Lateral temopromandibular ligament

A

▪️prevents head of mandible from posteriorly dislocating
▪️if head slips backward, ligament tightens and stop it from happening
▪️intrinsic

30
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament & stylomandibular ligament

A

▪️keep mandible in place
▪️sphenoid bone to mandible
▪️from styloid process to mandible
▪️Extrinsic

31
Q

Articular disk

A

▪️splits TMJ into upper joint cavity and lower joint cavity

▪️both cavities are separate from each other and surrounded in synovial fluid

32
Q

Upper joint cavity

A

▪️allows for protrusion and retraction

33
Q

Lower joint cavity

A

▪️allows for hinge movement and rotation

34
Q

Opening mouth widely

A

▪️head of mandible dislocates outside of the fossa and moves forward to articular eminence
▪️to open mouth wide: first you protrude jaw then it swings backwards.
▪️if this did not happen head of mandible would swing back and hit other structures

35
Q

Chewing

A

▪️moving mandible from side to side

▪️one sides protrudes, shifting chin over to other side and it then rotates.

MSK (11 decks)

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