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MSK > Elbow To Hand > Flashcards

Elbow To Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Distal humerus

A

▪️medial and lateral epicondyle
▪️radial fossa-radius sits in this when elbow is flexed
▪️coronoid fossa-
▪️capitulum-articulates with head of radius
▪️trochlea- articulates with ulnar

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2
Q

Proximal ulnar

A

▪️trochlea notch- hook at end of ulnar that articulates with trochlea of humerus
▪️coronoid process- sits in coronoid fossa when elbow is flexed (bottom angle of trochlear notch)
▪️olecranon- (posterior) sits in olecranon fossa when elbow is extended (point of elbow)
▪️radial notch- where radius articulates with ulnar

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3
Q

Elbow joint

A

▪️capitulum of humerus and head of radius (F&E of elbow)
▪️trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulnar (F&E of elbow)
▪️head of radius and radial notch of ulnar (P&S of forearm)

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4
Q

Ligaments of elbow joint

A

▪️medial and lateral collateral ligaments (supports F&E)
▪️annular ligament- around the head of radius- allows head to slide against capitulum and radial notch (supports P&S)

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5
Q

Interosseus membrane and articular disc

A

▪️mainly continuous but has gaps to allow arteries through.
▪️in the gap between the bones
▪️keeps ulnar and radius near each other and supported during P&S
▪️AD at distal radio-ulnar joint- helps keep bones together during P&S

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6
Q

Muscles of supination

A

▪️biceps brachii- powerful flexor and supinator

▪️supinator (posterior, upper third of radius)

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7
Q

Muscles of pronation

A

▪️pronator teres- attaches at medial epicondyle and inserts laterally halfway down radius
▪️pronator quadratus- attaches at distal end of ulnar and inserts at distal end of radius (square shaped)

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8
Q

Pronation and supination movement

A

▪️muscles contract- distal end of radius is pulled over ulnar
▪️biceps brachii and supinator become wrapped around proximal end of the radius
▪️as the muscles contract they unwrap from the bone and supinate

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9
Q

Carpal bones

A

▪️straight line to pinky, here comes the thumb

▪️scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform,hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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10
Q

Metacarpals

A

▪️forms palm of hand

▪️1(thumb)-5(pinky)

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11
Q

Phalanges

A

▪️finger bones
▪️all fingers have 3 phalanges- distal, middle, proximal
▪️thumb has 2 phalanges- distal, proximal

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12
Q

Wrist joint

A

▪️synovial joint
▪️distal end of radius and AD overlaying the ulnar and carpal bones (ulnar does not take part in wrist joint)
▪️ellipsoid concave (radius and AD)
▪️ellipsoid convex (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
▪️FandE, Medial and lateral deviation

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13
Q

Muscles of the forearm

A

▪️divided into compartments by interosseous membrane (AandP)
▪️A: flexion, move wrist joint, pronate hand
▪️P: extension, move wrist joint, supinate arm

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14
Q

Anterior forearm compartment

A

▪️deep- flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
▪️intermediate- flexor digitorum superficialis
▪️superficial-flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, promator teres

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15
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

▪️flex metacarpophalengeal joints
▪️flex proximal and distal interphalengeal joints of fingers
▪️tendon goes all the way to tips of fingers
▪️flex wrist
▪️positioned medially on top of ulnar

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16
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

▪️flex the thumb
▪️goes to tip of thumb
▪️positioned laterally attached to radius

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17
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

▪️flex metacarpophalengeal joints
▪️flex proximal interphalengeal joints of fingers
▪️flex wrist
▪️tendon bifurcates and splits at distal phalanges joints

18
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

▪️flex and adduct wrist

▪️ attaches to medial epicondyle and travels down to bottom of 5th metacarpal

19
Q

Palmaris longus

A

▪️flex wrist
▪️medial epicondyle to distal metacarpals of fingers
▪️absent in 15% of population

20
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

▪️flex and abducts wrist
▪️medial epicondyle to bottom of 2nd metacarpal
▪️used to feel for radial pulse

21
Q

Posterior forearm compartment

A

▪️deep- abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, supinator (originates from medial epicondyle)
▪️superficial-brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus (originates from supraepicondyle and lateral epicondyle)

22
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

▪️long abductor thumb

▪️inserts at joint between trapezium and 1st metacarpal

23
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

▪️short extender of thumb
▪️inserts to carpometacarpal and metacarpophalengeal joints of thumb and extends them
▪️lateral border of snuff box (gap where scaphoid bone can be felt)

24
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

▪️long extender of thumb
▪️inserts to all joints of thumb (proximal and distal phalanges)
▪️medial border of snuff box

25
Q

Extensor indicis

A

▪️extend index finger (2 digit)

▪️inserts at metacarpophalengeal joint

26
Q

Brachioradialis

A

▪️flex elbow (anterior to elbow joint even though it is in posterior compartment )

27
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

▪️long extender and abductor of wrist

28
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

▪️short extended and abductor of wrist

29
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

▪️extensor of fingers

30
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

▪️accessory extensor of little finger

31
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

▪️extends and addicts wrist

32
Q

Anconeus

A

▪️proximal part of forearm
▪️accessory extensor of elbow joint
▪️abducts ulnar during pronation

33
Q

Arteries of upper limb

A 
▪️right subclavian 
▪️axillary 
▪️brachial
▪️radial 
▪️ulnar 
▪️palmar arches 
▪️digital branches
34
Q

Veins of upper limb

A 
▪️digital branches 
▪️palmer arches 
▪️ulnar 
▪️radial 
▪️medial cubital- superficial, in cubital fossa 
▪️brachial
▪️axially 
▪️subclavian
35
Q

Innervation of upper limb

A

▪️brachial plexus
▪️median nerve- through carpal tunnel to thenal eminence
▪️ulnar nerve- hooks around posterior of epicondyle of humerus(superficial funny bone)
▪️radial nerve- posterior side of limb

36
Q

Median nerve

A 
▪️palm side 
-all of thumb
-all of 2 and 3
-half of 4
▪️back side
-inside of thumb 
-tip of 2 and 3
-half tip of 4
37
Q

Ulnar nerve

A 
▪️palm side 
-half of 4
-all of 5
▪️back side
-half of 4
-all of 5
38
Q

Radial nerve

A

▪️back side

  • all of thumb
  • all of 2 and 3 with no tips
  • half of 4 with no tip
41
Q

Cubital fossa

A

▪️between arm and forearm
▪️formed by: brachioradialis, pronator teres, line between MandL epicondyles (makes a triangle)
▪️floor formed by brachialis muscle
▪️contains: tendon of biceps brachii, median nerve, brachial artery, cephalic and basilic and medial cubital vein (superficial)
▪️ medial cubital vein-where blood is taken from

61
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

▪️tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (deep) , flexor digitorum superficialis (on top) , flexor pollicis longus (side) pass through tunnel
▪️flexor retinaculum- band of tissue covering carpal tunnel and prevents tendons from bowing out (pisiform to trapezium)
▪️median nerve also passes through

62
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

▪️tendons become inflamed due to flexion and compression.
▪️they swell up and compress on the median nerve and can damage it
▪️pins and needles
▪️trouble opposing thumb
▪️thenar eminence muscle at base of thumb can become weak and waste away
▪️need to reduce inflammation-medicine/surgery

MSK (11 decks)

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