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Thomas Aquinas & Scholasticism Flashcards

1
Q

what was special about scholasticism

A

takes the insights of others (philosophy, history, science, other religions, etc) and injects into own thought

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2
Q

what was the purpose of scholasticim

A

an attempt of understanding the whole person (cura personalis)

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3
Q

what is the background of scholasticism

A

headquartered at catherdral (aka center of town) which controlled education and commerce, therefore creating a group of student scholars

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4
Q

what is the scholastic method

A

1) logically deductive -> giving arguments
2) dialectical -> insights from other ppl/traditions
3) Disputational -> counterarguments to own arguments (makes it stronger)

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the scholastic method

A

efficiency & teaching others

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6
Q

What is the background of Thomas Aquinas

A
  • joined Dominicans (life of poverty, chastity, obedience, preaching)
  • mentor = Albertus Magnus -> looked @ Aristotle
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7
Q

What is Thomas’ Aquinas’ Natural Theology (chart)

A

SUBJECT METHOD
PHILOSOPHY hum exp hum reas
THEOLOGY god revelation
NAT. THEO. god hum reas

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8
Q

how does one know about God, through natural theology

A

human reason

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9
Q

what is aquinas’ epistemology

A

connection between sensations and intellections

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10
Q

what is sensation made up of and what does it lead to

A

external & internal senses -> phantasm

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11
Q

what are the external senses

A

1) sight
2) hearing
3) smell
4) taste
5) touch

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12
Q

what is essentially an external sense

A

using one of the senses to collect data about that object

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13
Q

what do all the 5 external senses create

A

coordinating sense

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14
Q

what are the 4 internal senses

A

1) coordinating sense
2) imagination
3) memory
4) evaluative sense (animal)//cogitative power (human)

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15
Q

what is coordinating sense

A

uniting all data from senses and putting it into 1 sensible, whole thing

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16
Q

what is imagination

A

“making an impression” on mind

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17
Q

what is memory

A

recall things we sense back to the source

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18
Q

what is evaluative sense/cogitative power

A

analyze/reacting whether something is good or bad, thinking it through, and adapting the thought

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19
Q

what do the 4 internal senses create

A

phantasm

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20
Q

what is a phantasm

A

a sensible whole thing (material)

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21
Q

what does the phantasm act as

A

the bridge between sensation and intellection

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22
Q

what does phantasm lead to

A

intellect-mind

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23
Q

what does intellect-mind lead to

A

active

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24
Q

what is active

A

the mind focusing on the form of something

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25
what does active lead to
idea-phantasm minus matter (formal)
26
what does idea lead to
passive - intellect understanding what the thing is "potential"
27
how does phantasm and idea lead into eachother
idea -> using prior knowledge to reach -> phantasm | phantasm -> when sensing something, goes intellect to try to find -> idea
28
what does idea further allow for
1) understanding/apprehension 2) judgement 3) reasoning
29
what does understanding/apprehension mean
CONCEPTS | knowing what something is
30
what does judgement mean
``` PROPOSITIONS uniting ideas (eg. coffee is bitter) ```
31
what does reasoning mean
ARGUMENTS
32
where do the universals lie, according to aquinas
1) in things 2) in mind 3) in mind of God
33
why do universals lie in mind of God
if universals are permanent, unchanging -> must exist elsewhere in divine mind
34
what are the 2 types of ends for thomas aquinas
natural end and supernatural end
35
what is the natural end
happiness
36
what is the purpose of the natural end
end of human life
37
what is the supernatural end
God
38
what is the purpose of the supernatural end
beyond life
39
what is the definition of law
ordinance of reason, for the common good, made by one in charge, promulgated
40
what is the formal cause in law
ordinance of reason
41
what is the final cause of law
for the common good
42
what is the efficient cause of law
made by one in charge
43
what is the material cause of law
promulgated
44
what is the purpose of law
having to do with reason in terms of society in order to benefit the community so that they can reach happiness
45
what are the 4 laws
1) eternal law 2) natural law 3) human law 4) divine law
46
what is eternal law
a governing order in the universe that is eternal, unchanging
47
what is natural law
humans participating in eternal law
48
what does the natural law tell us
accept your participation and be rational | what can we know about human nature and learn (eg. education)
49
what is the difference between eternal law and natural law
- eternal law applies to all life in that all governing laws (eg. tree grows, acorns fall off of trees) - natural law only applies to humans in that it is our purpose and governing law to get education, to live life
50
what is human law
laws created by humans
51
why do we need human law
in order to apply to particular instances, examples; other two laws are too broad
52
what should human law do though
should derive from natural law; no perverision
53
what is perversion
when human law doesn't follow natural law
54
what is divine law
rules followed by a faith community
55
what should divine law do
be rational, aimed @ a goal
56
what are the five ways
1. motion 2. causation 3. possibilty/neccesity 4. perfection 5. intelligence
57
how does potency and act explain motion
notion can have the same potency and act at the same time
58
what is motion then
how things come into existence
59
how does motion explain movers
parent = cause child = effect both always have act. and potency
60
are there infinite # of movers
no bc INFINITE every mover before would have both pot and act FINITE there's first mover that only had actuality
61
what is five ways type of argument
a posteriori -> grabbing experience to causation
62
how does thomas view language
idea -> word -> object
63
what types of words are there
univocal, equivocal, analogical
64
what is univocal
same word, same meaning
65
what is equivocal
same word, dif meaning
66
what is analogical
same word, same/dif meaning

Philosophy (13 decks)

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