Emanuel Kant Flashcards

1
Q

why did emanuel kant become philsopher

A

reaction to Hume

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2
Q

what are the 2 distinctions emanuel kant makes

A

1) kinds of knowledge

2) kinds of statements

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3
Q

what types of kinds of knowledge is there

A

a) a. priori

b) a posteriori

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4
Q

what is a. priori kind of knowledge and example

A

true by definition; doesn’t depend on experience; known beforehand
eg. “a bachelor is an unmarried man”

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5
Q

what is a. posteriori kind of knowledge and example

A

not universal, comes from particulars and is knowledge that comes from experience
eg. “my brother is a bachelor”

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6
Q

what are the types of kinds of statements

A

a) analytical

b) synthetic

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7
Q

what is an analytic kind of statement

A

relation of ideas

eg.”bachelor is unmarried man”

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8
Q

what is a synthetic kind of statment

A

synthesizing two types of knowledge, expanding, matters of fact
eg. “my brother is a bachelor”

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9
Q

what question did Kant have

A

can we have synthetic knowledge that is a. priori

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10
Q

what example does kant use to connect synthetic and a. priori

A

5 + 7 = 12
exp. 5, 7, and 12 are #’s that by themself, doesn’t always equal what’s on opposite sides of the =
THEREFORE, can arrange each number in new was to give new information

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11
Q

what did copernican revolution do

A

change the way philsophy was looked at

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12
Q

what was the assumption philsophers had before kant

A

the world/reality shapes the mind

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13
Q

what did kant believe about human nature

A

the mind shapes the world/reality

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14
Q

how did kant believe the mind shaped the world

A

the mind = constructed in certain say that it imposes idea onto an object

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15
Q

what does kant use to support that the mind shapes the world/reality

A

categories and experience

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16
Q

what are categories

A

mental glasses that allow us to see the world
glasses = a. priori
world = synthetic

17
Q

what is a type of category

A

causality

18
Q

what is causality

A

way in which we experience something

19
Q

what is experience

A

perception + category
perception = synthetic
category = a. priori

20
Q

what 2 words does kant use to explain world and perception

A

noumena and phenomena

21
Q

what is noumena

A

the real world

22
Q

what is phenomena

A

the way things appear to us

23
Q

what did kant say about the real world

A

we can never really know the real world because we are using categories to see the world

24
Q

why is a.priori sythnthetic important compared to hume

A

it gives certitude

25
Q

what was Kant’s ultimate goal

A

to regain certitude and universality

26
Q

what did kant turn to for his ethics

A

reason

27
Q

what is kant’s reason in terms of ethics called

A

“good will”

28
Q

what is good will

A

commands, which are broken down to hypothetical and categorical

29
Q

what did kant say about behavior and universal law (ACT 1)

A

act so that individual maxim may become universal law

30
Q

what is the thing that creates moral law/responsibility

A

duty

31
Q

why does duty create moral responsibility

A

allows so that personal principle becomes universal -> FINAL TEST WHAT IS GOOD OR BAD

32
Q

what did kant say about interactions between humans (ACT 2)

A

Act so that humanity is never morally as a means but as an end

33
Q

why an end instead of means

A

simply being valuable in themselves is the end

34
Q

whats the difference between hyptohetical and categorical commands

A

hypothetical - dont have to do

categorical - imperatives that are personal principles (maxim)