Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Question 1

availability heuristics

Answer 1

strategy for making judgments based on how easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind
Overestimation of events that are dramatic but rare

Question 2

simulation heuristic (counterfactual thinking)

Answer 2

tendency to judge the likelihood of an event by the ease with which one can image it. think of olyimpians bronze gold and silver.

Question 3

representativeness heuristic

Answer 3

• tendency to see someone or something as belonging to a particular group or category by evaluating how similar this object is to a typical object in that category
  tall man with sweats and sneakers assume baller

Question 4

cognitive outcomes of bilingualism

Answer 4

Greater cognitive flexibility
Typically outperform monolingually schooled students in academic achievement in upper grades
Better executive control
Brain scans - bilinguals vs. monolinguals - different types of brain activation

Question 5

stereotype threat

Answer 5

threat felt when stereotype is salient to targets of negative stereotypes (Steele & Aronson, 1995)
Awareness of the stereotype and fear of confirming stereotype impair target’s ability to behave in counterstereotypic way
E.g., females and math (Spencer et al., 1999)

Question 6

fixed mindsets

Answer 6

performance is assumed to reflect ability that is unchangeable

Question 7

growth mindsets

Answer 7

performance is assumed to reflect effort that is modifiable