Infancy and Childhood Flashcards
Piaget’s approach
Called kids “Little Scientists”
Children understand the world with schemes/schema - psychological structures that organize experience
4 stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operations stage
Formal Operations stage
object permeance
something continues to exist even when it cannot be seen
at about 8 months this develops
sensorimotor
birth to 2 years-
Looking, sucking, touching
preoperational
age 2 to 7
Egocentric
Animistic thinking
Cannot grasp concept of conservation
conservation
understanding that physical properties do not change when appearance changes
concrete operational
age 7 to 11
Can understand conservation
Can understand transitivity(elects of series)
formal operational
age 11 to adulthood Abstract reasoning Symbolic thinking improves 2 cents in logic Thinking about future possibilities
Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development
Kids are “Little Apprentices” Cognitive development results from guidance
scaffolding
teacher adjusts amount of support to child’s level of development
What were the results of Harlow’s studies of infant attachment?
Results counteractes the belief that babies are attached to those that feed them. and showed that soft contact important
Rhesus monkeys - cloth (no food) vs. wire (food) mother
How did Mary Ainsworth study attachment?
adult as secure base from which to explore
secure attachment
Provides baby sense of security and feels safe to explore.
insecure-ambivalent
Resistant, baby feels he is not sure if he can trust mom. Upset push and pull expressing ambivalence.
insecure-avoidant
baby not attached to mom
