thinking, language and intelligence

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

the mental activity that involves thinking and understanding

Question 2

analogical representations

Answer 2

characteristics of real objects such as a map

Question 3

symbolic representations

Answer 3

abstract and no relation to an object, such a words and numbers

Question 4

script

Answer 4

type of schema, to help understand a sequence of events, describes correct behaviour ina given sitaution.

Question 5

heuristics

Answer 5

mental short cuts to make a decision, mostly unconcious

Question 6

what are some common heuristics

Answer 6

anchoring; relying on the first piece of information that comes across.
availability heuristics; tendency to make a decision based on what comes most easily to mind.
reprsentativity heuristics; tendency to place a person or object ina categoryif they are similar to a prototype ( exsisiting group)

Question 7

(emotions influence) somatic markers

Answer 7

physical reactions, gut feeling

Question 8

(emotions influence) affective prediction

Answer 8

means predicting whether it will make you happy or not

Question 9

problem solving; restructure

Answer 9

present problem in a different way

Question 10

problem solving; mental sets

Answer 10

thinking back to a fimilar problem

Question 11

algorithm

Answer 11

a guideline that will always give the right answer when followed correctly

Question 12

sudden insight

Answer 12

a solution suddenly appears

Question 13

language

Answer 13

communication system of sounds and symbols according to grammatical rules

Question 14

morphemes

Answer 14

words consist of one or more morphemes, smalles unit that have meaning

Question 15

phonemes

Answer 15

each morpheme consists of one or more phonemes, the basic sound of speech

Question 16

syntax

Answer 16

system of rules about words and sentences

Question 17

aphasia

Answer 17

language disorder, a deficiencie in producing and comprehending speech

Question 18

expressive aphasia

Answer 18

left hemisphere (broca) patients can understand what is said but are unable to form words and sentences.

Question 19

receptive aphasia

Answer 19

left hempisphere (wernick) patients can speak fluently but are unable to understand the meaning of words

Question 20

global aphasia

Answer 20

cant understand or produce speech

Question 21

linguistic theory of relativity

Answer 21

language determins thought, its only possibel to think through language, this theory is not true

Question 22

telegraphic speech (babies)

Answer 22

mini sentences that lack words and grammar, but follow a ligcal syntaxz and are meaningful

Question 23

surface structure

Answer 23

universal lingustic elements such as nouns and verbs

Question 24

deep structure

Answer 24

the implicit meaning of sentences

Question 25

intelligence

Answer 25

ability to use knowledge to reason, make decisions, solve problems, understnad, learn and adapt to challanges in the enviorment

Question 26

psychometric approach

Answer 26

measuring intelegence on how people score on a standarised test, the metnal abilities

Question 27

fluid intelegence

Answer 27

the ability to understand abstarct relationships ant think logically without prior knowlegde

Question 28

crystalilised intelligence

Answer 28

knowledge gained through experience, such as vocabulary and cultural infro

Question 29

general intelligence (g)

Answer 29

intelligence is a general ability, some are better at certain things then others vice versa

Question 30

the improtance of g

Answer 30

g affects life outcomes, depending where you life and go to school, if you go to college or not, will influence your life outcome. people who dont go to school normally have more dangerous professions

Question 31

analytical intelligence

Answer 31

good at solving problems

Question 32

creative intelligence

Answer 32

understand new problems and solving them creatively

Question 33

pratical intelligence

Answer 33

dealing with daily tasks, being able to make realistic judgments.

Question 34

emotional intelligence (EI)

Answer 34

being able to control your emotions, maneging behviour, recognising other peoples emotions

Question 35

relationship between working memory and intelligence

Answer 35

attention

Question 36

brain size and intelligence

Answer 36

no relation

Question 37

high general intelligence is related to....

Answer 37

amount of grey matter in the frontal lobe

Question 38

savant

Answer 38

someone who has minimal intellectual skills in most areas, but who show exceptional skills in specific areas of intelligence at a young age

Question 39

genetic factors effecting intelligence

Answer 39

twins have roughly the same intelligence, genes influence the intelligence, but so does enviorment such as weatlhy families normally have a higher IQ, 40 percent crystallised intelligence and 51 fluid intelligence

Question 40

flynn effect

Answer 40

intelligence has increased over generations