thinking, language and intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

cognition

A

the mental activity that involves thinking and understanding

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2
Q

analogical representations

A

characteristics of real objects such as a map

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3
Q

symbolic representations

A

abstract and no relation to an object, such a words and numbers

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4
Q

script

A

type of schema, to help understand a sequence of events, describes correct behaviour ina given sitaution.

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5
Q

heuristics

A

mental short cuts to make a decision, mostly unconcious

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6
Q

what are some common heuristics

A

anchoring; relying on the first piece of information that comes across.
availability heuristics; tendency to make a decision based on what comes most easily to mind.
reprsentativity heuristics; tendency to place a person or object ina categoryif they are similar to a prototype ( exsisiting group)

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7
Q

(emotions influence) somatic markers

A

physical reactions, gut feeling

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8
Q

(emotions influence) affective prediction

A

means predicting whether it will make you happy or not

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9
Q

problem solving; restructure

A

present problem in a different way

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10
Q

problem solving; mental sets

A

thinking back to a fimilar problem

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11
Q

algorithm

A

a guideline that will always give the right answer when followed correctly

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12
Q

sudden insight

A

a solution suddenly appears

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13
Q

language

A

communication system of sounds and symbols according to grammatical rules

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14
Q

morphemes

A

words consist of one or more morphemes, smalles unit that have meaning

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15
Q

phonemes

A

each morpheme consists of one or more phonemes, the basic sound of speech

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16
Q

syntax

A

system of rules about words and sentences

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17
Q

aphasia

A

language disorder, a deficiencie in producing and comprehending speech

18
Q

expressive aphasia

A

left hemisphere (broca) patients can understand what is said but are unable to form words and sentences.

19
Q

receptive aphasia

A

left hempisphere (wernick) patients can speak fluently but are unable to understand the meaning of words

20
Q

global aphasia

A

cant understand or produce speech

21
Q

linguistic theory of relativity

A

language determins thought, its only possibel to think through language, this theory is not true

22
Q

telegraphic speech (babies)

A

mini sentences that lack words and grammar, but follow a ligcal syntaxz and are meaningful

23
Q

surface structure

A

universal lingustic elements such as nouns and verbs

24
Q

deep structure

A

the implicit meaning of sentences

25
Q

intelligence

A

ability to use knowledge to reason, make decisions, solve problems, understnad, learn and adapt to challanges in the enviorment

26
Q

psychometric approach

A

measuring intelegence on how people score on a standarised test, the metnal abilities

27
Q

fluid intelegence

A

the ability to understand abstarct relationships ant think logically without prior knowlegde

28
Q

crystalilised intelligence

A

knowledge gained through experience, such as vocabulary and cultural infro

29
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

intelligence is a general ability, some are better at certain things then others vice versa

30
Q

the improtance of g

A

g affects life outcomes, depending where you life and go to school, if you go to college or not, will influence your life outcome. people who dont go to school normally have more dangerous professions

31
Q

analytical intelligence

A

good at solving problems

32
Q

creative intelligence

A

understand new problems and solving them creatively

33
Q

pratical intelligence

A

dealing with daily tasks, being able to make realistic judgments.

34
Q

emotional intelligence (EI)

A

being able to control your emotions, maneging behviour, recognising other peoples emotions

35
Q

relationship between working memory and intelligence

A

attention

36
Q

brain size and intelligence

A

no relation

37
Q

high general intelligence is related to….

A

amount of grey matter in the frontal lobe

38
Q

savant

A

someone who has minimal intellectual skills in most areas, but who show exceptional skills in specific areas of intelligence at a young age

39
Q

genetic factors effecting intelligence

A

twins have roughly the same intelligence, genes influence the intelligence, but so does enviorment such as weatlhy families normally have a higher IQ, 40 percent crystallised intelligence and 51 fluid intelligence

40
Q

flynn effect

A

intelligence has increased over generations