human development Flashcards

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1
Q

zygote

A

united egg with sperm (fertilisation)

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2
Q

embryo

A

after two weeks the zygote transofrm into an embryo, extremly fragile at this stage

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3
Q

foetus

A

after two moths, organs and a heart beat are formed

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4
Q

myelination (pregnancy)

A

in the first trimester the spinal cord develops, in the second the neurons develop, during this nerve fibers are wrapped witha fatty coating that increase the speed of signals

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5
Q

teratogens

A

are substances that damage the embryo and are visible after birth

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6
Q

foetal alcohol syndrom (FAS)

A

condition where the child brain is massivley impaired at birth

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7
Q

grasping reflex

A

babies hand closes when something touches the palm

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8
Q

rooting reflex

A

babies tunr their head towards an object and suck when a nipple or something similar appears

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9
Q

sucking reflex

A

babie immediatly starts sucking when something is in their mouth

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10
Q

babies lack visual acuity

A

the ability to distinguish differences in patterns, colours and shapes

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11
Q

attachment

A

strong emmotional connection that stays despite circumstances and the passage of time

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12
Q

attachment style

A

8-12 months can distinguish between their attachment figure and a stranger, which can cause seperation anxiety, tested

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13
Q

secure attachment (stranger situation test)

A

65% babies play happily when caregiver and stranger are in the room , but cries when care giver leaves

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14
Q

insecure attachment (stranger situation test)

A

35% children have other approaches, such as insecure avoidance; child doesnt get upset or prefers to play with stranger, or insecure ambivalnce; child gets upset and doesnt calm down when care giver returns

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15
Q

which hormone relates to social behaviour such as attachment

A

oxytocin, breastfeeding leads to the release of this hormone, which stimulates milk production

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16
Q

piagets stages of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor phase, pre-operiational phase, concrete-operational phase, formal-operational phase

17
Q

piagets theory

A

his theory is refuted, he underestimated childrens cognitive abilities

18
Q

moral development (kohlberg)

A

morality is divided intro moral reasoning (cognitive process) and moral emotions(motivation to do good things and avoid bad things)

19
Q

(Kohlbergs dilema) preconventional level

A

morality in determined by pleasurable outcomes and self interest

20
Q

(kohlbergs dilema) concentional level

A

morality is determined by social rules and rules of law

21
Q

(kohlbergs dilema) post convetional level

A

reaction depends on complex reasoning about abstract principles, the value of all life matters