learning

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

relatively permanent change of behaviour

Question 2

non associative learning

Answer 2

learning about a stimulus after repeated exposure, a response to the outside world

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

understanding how a stimuli is realted, linking two events that occur immidiatly after each other ( done through conditioning)

Question 4

observational learning

Answer 4

learning by watching others

Question 5

habituation

Answer 5

decrease in behaviour after repeated exposure to a stimulus, no longer reacting to loud plane noises

Question 6

sensitisation

Answer 6

increase in behaviour after exposure to a stimuli, noramlly happens after threats or pain

Question 7

classical conditioning

Answer 7

learning in which an unconditional stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, leading to a conditioned

Question 8

process of classical conditoning

Answer 8

uncondictioned response (OR), uncondiotined stimulise (OS), conditioned stimulus (CS) and then conditioned response (CR)

Question 9

acquisitation

Answer 9

formation of the link between a conditioned stimulis and unconditiond stimulus

Question 10

second order stimulus

Answer 10

when the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus (no more food after bell), the response will dissapear (extinction)

Question 11

spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

can occure when CS and OR are paired again

Question 12

stimulus generalisation

Answer 12

whena similar stimulus to the CS also produces CR

Question 13

stimulus discrimination

Answer 13

when organisms learn to distinguish between different stimulus

Question 14

biological preparedness

Answer 14

organsims fear potention danegour, animals are genetically programmed to fear specific objects

Question 15

phobia

Answer 15

acquiered fear that is disproportianed to the actual threat

Question 16

fear conditioning

Answer 16

condition an animal to fear something

Question 17

counter conditioning

Answer 17

unlearning of a phobia

Question 18

operant conditioning

Answer 18

type of learning is consiously iniated by the organism

Question 19

reiniforcer

Answer 19

stimulus that occurs after a response

Question 20

shaping

Answer 20

encouraging or discouraging behaviour through operant conditioning

Question 21

primary reinforcer

Answer 21

biological need such as food

Question 22

secondary reinforcer

Answer 22

no biological need

Question 23

premack principle

Answer 23

certain stimuli have more value then others and will influence operant conditioning

Question 24

positive reinforcer

Answer 24

reward certain behaviour

Question 25

negative reinforcer

Answer 25

increasing the chance of the behaviour being repeated after removing unpleasint stimulus

Question 26

continous reinforcement

Answer 26

reinforcing behaviour over time

Question 27

partial reinforcement

Answer 27

reinforcing behaviour occasiuanly

Question 28

fixed interval schedual

Answer 28

after certain time reiniforcer is given

Question 29

variable interval schedule

Answer 29

reinforcer is given after period of time but irrgulare

Question 30

fixed ratio control

Answer 30

certain number of reactions , reinforcer is given

Question 31

variable ratio control

Answer 31

reinforcer is given after unpredicatble number of response

Question 32

positive punishment

Answer 32

adding an unpleasent stimlus after preforming the behaviour

Question 33

negative punsihment

Answer 33

is the removal of an unpleasent stimulus after preforming the behaviour

Question 34

behaviour modification

Answer 34

using operant condtioning to emiliniate unwanted bhaviour and replace it with desired behaviour

Question 35

latent learning

Answer 35

learning without reainforcement

Question 36

spontaneuos insight

Answer 36

a solution suddenly appear, where it wasnt possible at first

Question 37

what neurtransmitter is important in operant conditioning

Answer 37

dopamine, as the amount of dopamine released indicates the value of the reinforcement

Question 38

social learning

Answer 38

learning by observing

Question 39

modelling

Answer 39

immitating observed behaviour

Question 40

vicarious learning

Answer 40

learning about consequences of an action by observing others

Question 41

when observing what neurons are activated

Answer 41

mirror neurons