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Introduction to Psychology (redone) > learning > Flashcards

learning Flashcards

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1
Q

learning

A

relatively permanent change of behaviour

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2
Q

non associative learning

A

learning about a stimulus after repeated exposure, a response to the outside world

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3
Q

associative learning

A

understanding how a stimuli is realted, linking two events that occur immidiatly after each other ( done through conditioning)

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4
Q

observational learning

A

learning by watching others

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5
Q

habituation

A

decrease in behaviour after repeated exposure to a stimulus, no longer reacting to loud plane noises

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6
Q

sensitisation

A

increase in behaviour after exposure to a stimuli, noramlly happens after threats or pain

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7
Q

classical conditioning

A

learning in which an unconditional stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, leading to a conditioned

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8
Q

process of classical conditoning

A

uncondictioned response (OR), uncondiotined stimulise (OS), conditioned stimulus (CS) and then conditioned response (CR)

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9
Q

acquisitation

A

formation of the link between a conditioned stimulis and unconditiond stimulus

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10
Q

second order stimulus

A

when the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus (no more food after bell), the response will dissapear (extinction)

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11
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

can occure when CS and OR are paired again

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12
Q

stimulus generalisation

A

whena similar stimulus to the CS also produces CR

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13
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

when organisms learn to distinguish between different stimulus

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14
Q

biological preparedness

A

organsims fear potention danegour, animals are genetically programmed to fear specific objects

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15
Q

phobia

A

acquiered fear that is disproportianed to the actual threat

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16
Q

fear conditioning

A

condition an animal to fear something

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17
Q

counter conditioning

A

unlearning of a phobia

18
Q

operant conditioning

A

type of learning is consiously iniated by the organism

19
Q

reiniforcer

A

stimulus that occurs after a response

20
Q

shaping

A

encouraging or discouraging behaviour through operant conditioning

21
Q

primary reinforcer

A

biological need such as food

22
Q

secondary reinforcer

A

no biological need

23
Q

premack principle

A

certain stimuli have more value then others and will influence operant conditioning

24
Q

positive reinforcer

A

reward certain behaviour

25
Q

negative reinforcer

A

increasing the chance of the behaviour being repeated after removing unpleasint stimulus

26
Q

continous reinforcement

A

reinforcing behaviour over time

27
Q

partial reinforcement

A

reinforcing behaviour occasiuanly

28
Q

fixed interval schedual

A

after certain time reiniforcer is given

29
Q

variable interval schedule

A

reinforcer is given after period of time but irrgulare

30
Q

fixed ratio control

A

certain number of reactions , reinforcer is given

31
Q

variable ratio control

A

reinforcer is given after unpredicatble number of response

32
Q

positive punishment

A

adding an unpleasent stimlus after preforming the behaviour

33
Q

negative punsihment

A

is the removal of an unpleasent stimulus after preforming the behaviour

34
Q

behaviour modification

A

using operant condtioning to emiliniate unwanted bhaviour and replace it with desired behaviour

35
Q

latent learning

A

learning without reainforcement

36
Q

spontaneuos insight

A

a solution suddenly appear, where it wasnt possible at first

37
Q

what neurtransmitter is important in operant conditioning

A

dopamine, as the amount of dopamine released indicates the value of the reinforcement

38
Q

social learning

A

learning by observing

39
Q

modelling

A

immitating observed behaviour

40
Q

vicarious learning

A

learning about consequences of an action by observing others

41
Q

when observing what neurons are activated

A

mirror neurons

Introduction to Psychology (redone) (12 decks)

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