Thinking, Intelligence And Language Flashcards
What is informal reasoning?
Heuristics (Shortcuts to judgement)
What is Formal Reasoning?
Algorithm Step-by-step Time consuming to make a judgement (Precise exact answer) It takes too long
What is Heuristics?
Shortcuts to judgement that happens in a matter of seconds
Anchoring Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?
- Initial Impression
- Met with contradictory evidence, the initial impressions changes only slightly if it all. (Confirmation bias)
( the example of parents that did not like your boyfriend)
Target example: you look for red shirts and cocky pants
What is Confirmation Bias in Anchoring Heuristic?
We have a tendency to pay attention to what confirms (supports or agrees) with our opinion (bias)
Representativeness Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?
- “Prototype” about a group of people
2. Ignoring odds (posibilidades) to the contrary
Availability Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?
What is “mentally available”/ What we have been thinking lately….
Example: when we call Klinnex to the tissue which is a brand , Titanic example
Affect Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?
Avoiding the intensity of fear associated with failure….
The older we get the more we learn not to be that way, stay bold
What is Functional Fixedness?
A person has a tendency to be fixed on the primary function of an object. Look for solutions.
If you wanna overcome functional fixedness, the pathway is creativity
What are the Problem-Solving strategies?
- Incubation
- Means-end Analysis, subgoals, decomposition
- Working backwards
- Analogies
What is the incubation problem-solving strategy?
Take a break from the task and look at it fresh. “Sleep” on it
What is the means- end analysis strategy?
Take overwhelming break if into management parts.
Organize myself , to divide the work that i got to do
What is the working backwards problem-solving strategy?
Goals setting, or lists of what I will do. Action plans
What is the analogies problem-solving strategy?
If you want to change an outcome, evaluate what you’re did to contribute to the outcome.
Whre is the language located in the brain?
Left hemisphere dominated
What is contralateralization?
The left atmosphere controls the right atmosphere of the body, and the right atmosphere controls the left side of the body
What would you have to do if you want to cross the midline of the brain?
Requires to activate the corpus callosum
What is the corpus callosum?
Integrate the hemispheres
How do we know about the corpus collosum?
Because of a research called split brain surgery, which they severe the corpus collosum (lose your ability to language)
What are the areas in the left hemisphere dominated?
- Broca’s Area
2. Wernicke’s Area
What does the broca’s area?
The part of the brain stimulated for speech production.
What is Wernicke’s Area?
Is the part of the brain stimulated for speech organization
What do we have diring the school years?
Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
We born with more neurons that we need, but they are not organize because we need stimulation from the environment (people communication)
What does bilingualism develops?
- Asychronously: Which means development language, they do not need to translate every word. They neural system is develop to speak and understand each language
What is cognitive flexibility?
Is when people can shift multiple languages really quick
When do you start arguing with people?
When you are stressed
What are the communication patterns when you are stress?
You can tend to be friend or to fight/ flight
What is the communication pattern of tend/be friend?
Think outloud
Notice, ask, listen while they think out loud
What is the communication pattern of fight/flight?
Think internally pull in and thinking process internally
What happens when the fight/flight person is in stress amd the be friend person ask what happened?
They stress and nags more because they prefer to process internally
What happens when the tend/be friend person is in stress and the fight/flight person leave them alone?
They want to be notice so they are waiting for them to ask about what is happening to them. So they think the others are cold and uncaring
Define Cognitive map
A mental representation of one’s physical environment.
Ex: when you go to the bathroom in the middle of the night, and you remember the way in the dark
Define Algorithms. Understand how to apply the algorithmic approach to problem solving
A time consuming process that involves going step by step to get to the precise exact answer.
Formula to solve a mathematic equation
What is the IQ test measuring?
One type of reasoning that is logical and analytical reasoning.
IT DOESN’T MEASURE SUCCESS
What is the triarchic theory of intelligence, according to ?
Creativity
Practical
Logical/ analytical
What is the practical intelligence?
Common sense
Ex: you are a girl scout that is lost in the woods so you know how to survive
What is the creativity intelligence?
It means to give multiple solutions to one problem, divergent thinking
What is logical/analytical intelligence?
Convergent thinking
What are all the multiple intelligences according to Gardner?
- Logical- mathematical-convergent
- Musical- Rythmic
- Body - Kinesthetic
- Verbal- linguistic
- Visual - Spatial
- Naturalistic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Existential
What is the interpersonal intelligence?
Inter means between. Relationships between people
Listening skills
“Social skills”
What is intrapersonal intelligence?
Intra means within
Self- understanding
Self - awareness
Insight( you understand your contribution accurately to your experiences around you) you appreciated, you know yourself
What is the existential intelligence?
Life+ meaning
They ask unanswered questions
What is my role in this life?
What are the qualities of the IQ Test?
- Standardized- administered, scored, and interpreted in same way
- Its normed
What is norming?
Is a statistical process were your score is compared to your chronological age group
What is a IQ Test ?
Wechsler Theories
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ?
Its the study of a group of people depending on their age
How does norming works?
You take the chronological age group, for example 12 years and 1 month to 12 years and 4 months. You do the test with other people around that, but you just normed the group you picked. And from that you look for the most frequent score (it’s called mode), from that you do an statistical thing and compare do others highest and lowest scores
Intelligence as measure as IQ test is more nature or more nurture?
Nature biological
How the IQ tests nature and nurture intelligence ?
Nature: we look for the identical twins,
Nurture:
were raced together (siblings) (.86) both (eso es lo que se parecen)
Were raced apart (.54) nature
