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Psychology > Thinking, Intelligence And Language > Flashcards

Thinking, Intelligence And Language Flashcards

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1
Q

What is informal reasoning?

A

Heuristics (Shortcuts to judgement)

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2
Q

What is Formal Reasoning?

A 
Algorithm 
Step-by-step
Time consuming to make a judgement 
(Precise exact answer)
It takes too long
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3
Q

What is Heuristics?

A

Shortcuts to judgement that happens in a matter of seconds

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4
Q

Anchoring Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?

A
  1. Initial Impression
  2. Met with contradictory evidence, the initial impressions changes only slightly if it all. (Confirmation bias)
    ( the example of parents that did not like your boyfriend)
    Target example: you look for red shirts and cocky pants
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5
Q

What is Confirmation Bias in Anchoring Heuristic?

A

We have a tendency to pay attention to what confirms (supports or agrees) with our opinion (bias)

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6
Q

Representativeness Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?

A
  1. “Prototype” about a group of people

2. Ignoring odds (posibilidades) to the contrary

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7
Q

Availability Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?

A

What is “mentally available”/ What we have been thinking lately….
Example: when we call Klinnex to the tissue which is a brand , Titanic example

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8
Q

Affect Heuristic is a short cut to judgement based on what?

A

Avoiding the intensity of fear associated with failure….

The older we get the more we learn not to be that way, stay bold

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9
Q

What is Functional Fixedness?

A

A person has a tendency to be fixed on the primary function of an object. Look for solutions.
If you wanna overcome functional fixedness, the pathway is creativity

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10
Q

What are the Problem-Solving strategies?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Means-end Analysis, subgoals, decomposition
  3. Working backwards
  4. Analogies
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11
Q

What is the incubation problem-solving strategy?

A

Take a break from the task and look at it fresh. “Sleep” on it

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12
Q

What is the means- end analysis strategy?

A

Take overwhelming break if into management parts.

Organize myself , to divide the work that i got to do

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13
Q

What is the working backwards problem-solving strategy?

A

Goals setting, or lists of what I will do. Action plans

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14
Q

What is the analogies problem-solving strategy?

A

If you want to change an outcome, evaluate what you’re did to contribute to the outcome.

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15
Q

Whre is the language located in the brain?

A

Left hemisphere dominated

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16
Q

What is contralateralization?

A

The left atmosphere controls the right atmosphere of the body, and the right atmosphere controls the left side of the body

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17
Q

What would you have to do if you want to cross the midline of the brain?

A

Requires to activate the corpus callosum

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18
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Integrate the hemispheres

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19
Q

How do we know about the corpus collosum?

A

Because of a research called split brain surgery, which they severe the corpus collosum (lose your ability to language)

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20
Q

What are the areas in the left hemisphere dominated?

A
  1. Broca’s Area

2. Wernicke’s Area

21
Q

What does the broca’s area?

A

The part of the brain stimulated for speech production.

22
Q

What is Wernicke’s Area?

A

Is the part of the brain stimulated for speech organization

23
Q

What do we have diring the school years?

A

Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
We born with more neurons that we need, but they are not organize because we need stimulation from the environment (people communication)

24
Q

What does bilingualism develops?

A
  • Asychronously: Which means development language, they do not need to translate every word. They neural system is develop to speak and understand each language
25
Q

What is cognitive flexibility?

A

Is when people can shift multiple languages really quick

26
Q

When do you start arguing with people?

A

When you are stressed

27
Q

What are the communication patterns when you are stress?

A

You can tend to be friend or to fight/ flight

28
Q

What is the communication pattern of tend/be friend?

A

Think outloud

Notice, ask, listen while they think out loud

29
Q

What is the communication pattern of fight/flight?

A

Think internally pull in and thinking process internally

30
Q

What happens when the fight/flight person is in stress amd the be friend person ask what happened?

A

They stress and nags more because they prefer to process internally

31
Q

What happens when the tend/be friend person is in stress and the fight/flight person leave them alone?

A

They want to be notice so they are waiting for them to ask about what is happening to them. So they think the others are cold and uncaring

32
Q

Define Cognitive map

A

A mental representation of one’s physical environment.

Ex: when you go to the bathroom in the middle of the night, and you remember the way in the dark

33
Q

Define Algorithms. Understand how to apply the algorithmic approach to problem solving

A

A time consuming process that involves going step by step to get to the precise exact answer.
Formula to solve a mathematic equation

34
Q

What is the IQ test measuring?

A

One type of reasoning that is logical and analytical reasoning.
IT DOESN’T MEASURE SUCCESS

35
Q

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence, according to ?

A

Creativity
Practical
Logical/ analytical

36
Q

What is the practical intelligence?

A

Common sense

Ex: you are a girl scout that is lost in the woods so you know how to survive

37
Q

What is the creativity intelligence?

A

It means to give multiple solutions to one problem, divergent thinking

38
Q

What is logical/analytical intelligence?

A

Convergent thinking

39
Q

What are all the multiple intelligences according to Gardner?

A
  1. Logical- mathematical-convergent
  2. Musical- Rythmic
  3. Body - Kinesthetic
  4. Verbal- linguistic
  5. Visual - Spatial
  6. Naturalistic
  7. Interpersonal
  8. Intrapersonal
  9. Existential
40
Q

What is the interpersonal intelligence?

A

Inter means between. Relationships between people
Listening skills
“Social skills”

41
Q

What is intrapersonal intelligence?

A

Intra means within
Self- understanding
Self - awareness
Insight( you understand your contribution accurately to your experiences around you) you appreciated, you know yourself

42
Q

What is the existential intelligence?

A

Life+ meaning
They ask unanswered questions
What is my role in this life?

43
Q

What are the qualities of the IQ Test?

A
  1. Standardized- administered, scored, and interpreted in same way
  2. Its normed
44
Q

What is norming?

A

Is a statistical process were your score is compared to your chronological age group

45
Q

What is a IQ Test ?

A

Wechsler Theories

46
Q

What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ?

A

Its the study of a group of people depending on their age

47
Q

How does norming works?

A

You take the chronological age group, for example 12 years and 1 month to 12 years and 4 months. You do the test with other people around that, but you just normed the group you picked. And from that you look for the most frequent score (it’s called mode), from that you do an statistical thing and compare do others highest and lowest scores

48
Q

Intelligence as measure as IQ test is more nature or more nurture?

A

Nature biological

49
Q

How the IQ tests nature and nurture intelligence ?

A

Nature: we look for the identical twins,
Nurture:
were raced together (siblings) (.86) both (eso es lo que se parecen)
Were raced apart (.54) nature

Psychology (11 decks)

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