Neuro Science And Behavior Flashcards
What is a neuron?
Nerve cell
Ex: football wave
What are the 3 components of a neuron?
- Dendrites
- Soma / Cell Body
- Axon
What does the cell body consist?
Is a genetic processor
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus: contains the DNA
What are the functions of the dendrites?
- DETECT signals from neighboring neurons
- BIND protein receptor sites on the dendrites bind with its neurotransmitters. (Protein receptor –> lock to a key–> neurotransmitter) they have to match
- SEND the signal to the cell body
What is the axon?
- Is a long, thread-like projection of the neuron
- Carry the signal away from the cell body through the action potential.
-It has an insulating and protective sheath called myelin
Ex: it looks like salchichas unidas
What is the myelin?
The myelin is made up of fats and proteins, that speeds up the action potential
What is the action potential?
Electrical signals or electrical chemical impulse, that carry messages
What are the vesicles?
Sacs that contains neurotransmitters that carry the mitochondria.
How a neuron communicates with another neuron?
- Dendrites pick up impulses from receptors and pass it to the cell body (soma)
- The impulses then travel along the axon
- Axon passes these impulses to another neuron
through a junction called synapse - The impulses are carried from one neuron to another
- These impulses are finally delivered to the brain or the spinal cord
What is the synaptic effect?
Gab between neurons (synapse)
What is inhibit reuptake- reabsorbing?
The neurotransmitter into sending neuron. And the process of taking them back
What are the nodes of Ranvier in the axon?
Are the unmitigated areas in the axon. (Las partes donde son mas angostas) cada vez que pasan por ahi se recarga el impulso electrico
The acetylcholine Neurotransmitter works with…
The hippocampus.
If somebody has low acetylcholine neurotransmitter has a high risk to have Alzheimer
Aricept: drug for this neurotransmitters
What is the mitochondria?
Is throughout the cell, is the power house.
Takes glucose and oxygen and chemicals forms it into energy. Activates the cell
How the drugs works with the neurotransmitters?
We cannot give people a neurotransmitter shot, but they can give you a drug that slows down reuptake because will allow more time to communicate with the protein receptor type to bind with the neurotransmitter, so that they can receive what the brain needs. So that we don’t have low levels of neurotransmitters.
Ex: SSRI
SS: selective serotonin
RI: Reuptake inhibitor
What are the neurotransmitters ?
They emit chemicals to communicate with another neuron across the space between the cells (synapse)
What is the dopamine neurotransmitter?
- Helps control the brain’s reward and pleasure centers.
- Helps regulate movement and emotional responses.
- Is correlated with Parkinson’s disease
What is the serotonin Neurotransmitter?
Is an important neurotransmitter
- responsible for maintaining mood balance
- low levels of serotonin are associated with depression
What are endorphins?
Neurotransmitter found in the brain that bind to opiate receptors (imitan las endorfinas para controlar el dolor) and produce a feeling of pain relief
The main divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
Autonomic Nervous System: Is responsible for regulating involuntary body functions such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing and digestion
Somatic Nervous System: Is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movements as well as for processing sensory information hat arrives via external stimuli like hearing, touching and sight
What are the two components of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic: Spends energy “fight or flight” ( physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival)
Parasympathetic: Conserves energy
What is the highest region of the brain? Y que contiene?
The forebrain Contains - Amygdala - Hippocampus - Thalamus - Hypothalamus
The thalamus…
Regulates sleep and wakefulness
The hypothalamus …
Monitors pleasure activities
Esting, drinking and sex
The amygdala…
Process emotions
How we are aware and how we expressed them
The hippocampus…
Memory storage
What is the left hemisphere of the brain?
Controls the right side of the body and location of language centers of the brain
- Broca’s Area: in charge of speech production
- Wernicke’s Area: in charge of speech organization
What is the right side of the body?
Controls the left side of the body and is the creative side of the brain
