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Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Lifespam development theories?

A
  • Piaget
  • Parenting Styles
  • Erikson
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2
Q

Define developmental psychology

A

The branch of psychology that studies how people change over a lifetime

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3
Q

What are the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

A

I. Sensorimotor Stage
II. Preoperational Stage
III. Concrete operational Stage
IV. Formal Operational Stage

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4
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A
  • Literally a “here and now” stage
  • What you actually sense
  • Developing object permanence
  • Babies learn through manipulating and experiencing materials.
  • “Out of senses, out of cognition”
  • 0-2 years old
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5
Q

What is the preoperational stage?

A
  • Have developed object permanence
  • Developing conservation
  • From 2-4: language to represent thoughts and drawing and playing. (play pretend games, imagination)
  • From 4-7: intuitive guesses about the world ( question everything) no diferencian entre lo real y lo imaginario
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6
Q

What is the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Have developed conservation (logic)
  • Developing abstract , hypothetical thinking
  • Dichotomus thinking. Pensamiento de todo o nada. The good/right or bad/wrong
  • 8-11 years older
  • They do not see the perspective of others
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7
Q

What is the for al operational stage?

A
  • Have developed abstract and hypothetical reasoning
  • 12+ years old
  • they understand the continuing of right and wrong
  • Can reason abstractly
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8
Q

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development is about…

A
  • He study childhood thinking
  • Cognitive Equilibrium (the way we think is working for us) –> New experience ( was not like our way of thinking–>Cognitive disequilibrium “say what” “what just happened?” Which brings us to decide two options:
    1. Assimilation
    2. Accomodation
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9
Q

What is assimilation in Piaget’s Theory ?

A

Change the experience to fit ur schema (cognitive mindset).
Ex: Child is good at playing baseball, and he play bad one day so the parents make excuses but do not accept he is not playing right

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10
Q

What is accomodation in Piaget’s Theory ?

A

Change your schema to “acuratly” accept and process the new experience.
Ex: Let it go, maybe it was not like that. He is just having a bad game, he is human

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11
Q

What is object permanence is the sensorimotor stage?

A

Is developing in this stage and is knowing an object exist, even when you can not “sense” it.
Ex: pan en la tostadora

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12
Q

What is conservation in the preoperational stage ?

A
  • Apply logical operations
  • Apply intuition and not logic
    ( monster under my bed)
  • Reasoning of centration
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13
Q

What is abstract hypothetical reasoning in concrete operational stage?

A

They do not think like everything is right or wrong. Como hablar con una pared, ya no piemsan como it is what it is
They are developing hypothetical reasoning

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14
Q

What are the three parenting styles?

A
  • AthoriTARIAN
  • Permissive
  • AuthoriTATIVE
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15
Q

How is an authoritarian patent style?

A
  • They value obedience
  • They are strict
  • “Because I said so”
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16
Q

How is a permissive parent style?

A
  • they have few rules
  • Child Self- regulates
  • “Whatever you want”
17
Q

How is an authoritative parent?

A
  • Fair, reasonable
  • Set boundaries, explain reasons (in a way the child can understand)
  • “goodness of fit” (knowing how the child thinks)
  • ” good enough parenting” (they are not perfect)
  • this parents learn how to be like this
  • They listen to their child
18
Q

How many Erik Erikson theory of psychosocial stages are?

A

8

19
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 1?

A
  • 1st year
    -Trust vs. Mistrust (continum)
    Trust (attachment with others)
    Mistrust (insecure attachment others)
    Ex: nurturing starts in the beginning of life
20
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 2?

A
  • 2nd year
  • Autonomy vs. Shame
    Autonomy (independence)
    Shame (doubt)
    Ex: still there mom? I am still connected to you even though you are exploring the world
21
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 3?

A
  • Preschool years
    -Initiative vs. Guilt
    Initiative ( finishing what you start)
    Ex: finishing the creation they started
22
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 4?

A
  • Elementary years
  • Industry vs Inferiority
    Industry (competence)
    Inferiority ( mas que los demas )
    Ex: they know who they fit on
23
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 5?

A
  • Adolescence
  • Identity vs Role Confusion
    Ex: who am i?
    Vs identity crisis
24
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 6?

A
  • Young adulthood
  • Intimacy vs Isolation
    Intimacy (secure healthy attachment)
    Isolation (feeling alone)
    Ex: maintain long relationships
25
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 7?

A
  • Middle Adulthood
  • Generativity vs Stagnation
    Generativity ( pensar en el otro: Children, career, community service, mentoring)
    Stagnation ( being stock)
26
Q

What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 8?

A
  • Lated Adulthood
  • Integrity vs Despair
    Integrity (wisdom)
    Despair (bitter)
    Ex: those people who are regretful and amargados
27
Q

What are the three Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning?

A
  1. Pre conventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post conventional
28
Q

What is the pre conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?

A

Individual shows concern for self- interest and external rewards and punishments
1.1 obedience and punishment
1.2 instrumental purpose and exchange
Ex: A child would not steal a piece of candy because he/she may get in trouble. Not because it is morally to do so.

29
Q

What is the conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?

A

Individual does what is expected of them by others.
2.1 Interpersonal accord and conformity
2.2 Social accord and system maintenance
Ex: A child knows not to steal a piece the piece of candy because he/she is afraid of disapproval from others and knows it is socially unacceptable

30
Q

What is the post conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?

A

Individual develops more autonomous decision making based on principles of right and justice.
3.1 Social contract and individual rights
3.2 Universal ethical principles
Ex: An adult knows not to cut in front of a long line because it would be unfair and would not agree with his/her ethical principles

Psychology (11 decks)

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