Human Development Flashcards
What are the Lifespam development theories?
- Piaget
- Parenting Styles
- Erikson
Define developmental psychology
The branch of psychology that studies how people change over a lifetime
What are the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
I. Sensorimotor Stage
II. Preoperational Stage
III. Concrete operational Stage
IV. Formal Operational Stage
What is the sensorimotor stage?
- Literally a “here and now” stage
- What you actually sense
- Developing object permanence
- Babies learn through manipulating and experiencing materials.
- “Out of senses, out of cognition”
- 0-2 years old
What is the preoperational stage?
- Have developed object permanence
- Developing conservation
- From 2-4: language to represent thoughts and drawing and playing. (play pretend games, imagination)
- From 4-7: intuitive guesses about the world ( question everything) no diferencian entre lo real y lo imaginario
What is the concrete operational stage?
- Have developed conservation (logic)
- Developing abstract , hypothetical thinking
- Dichotomus thinking. Pensamiento de todo o nada. The good/right or bad/wrong
- 8-11 years older
- They do not see the perspective of others
What is the for al operational stage?
- Have developed abstract and hypothetical reasoning
- 12+ years old
- they understand the continuing of right and wrong
- Can reason abstractly
Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development is about…
- He study childhood thinking
- Cognitive Equilibrium (the way we think is working for us) –> New experience ( was not like our way of thinking–>Cognitive disequilibrium “say what” “what just happened?” Which brings us to decide two options:
1. Assimilation
2. Accomodation
What is assimilation in Piaget’s Theory ?
Change the experience to fit ur schema (cognitive mindset).
Ex: Child is good at playing baseball, and he play bad one day so the parents make excuses but do not accept he is not playing right
What is accomodation in Piaget’s Theory ?
Change your schema to “acuratly” accept and process the new experience.
Ex: Let it go, maybe it was not like that. He is just having a bad game, he is human
What is object permanence is the sensorimotor stage?
Is developing in this stage and is knowing an object exist, even when you can not “sense” it.
Ex: pan en la tostadora
What is conservation in the preoperational stage ?
- Apply logical operations
- Apply intuition and not logic
( monster under my bed) - Reasoning of centration
What is abstract hypothetical reasoning in concrete operational stage?
They do not think like everything is right or wrong. Como hablar con una pared, ya no piemsan como it is what it is
They are developing hypothetical reasoning
What are the three parenting styles?
- AthoriTARIAN
- Permissive
- AuthoriTATIVE
How is an authoritarian patent style?
- They value obedience
- They are strict
- “Because I said so”
How is a permissive parent style?
- they have few rules
- Child Self- regulates
- “Whatever you want”
How is an authoritative parent?
- Fair, reasonable
- Set boundaries, explain reasons (in a way the child can understand)
- “goodness of fit” (knowing how the child thinks)
- ” good enough parenting” (they are not perfect)
- this parents learn how to be like this
- They listen to their child
How many Erik Erikson theory of psychosocial stages are?
8
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 1?
- 1st year
-Trust vs. Mistrust (continum)
Trust (attachment with others)
Mistrust (insecure attachment others)
Ex: nurturing starts in the beginning of life
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 2?
- 2nd year
- Autonomy vs. Shame
Autonomy (independence)
Shame (doubt)
Ex: still there mom? I am still connected to you even though you are exploring the world
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 3?
- Preschool years
-Initiative vs. Guilt
Initiative ( finishing what you start)
Ex: finishing the creation they started
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 4?
- Elementary years
- Industry vs Inferiority
Industry (competence)
Inferiority ( mas que los demas )
Ex: they know who they fit on
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 5?
- Adolescence
- Identity vs Role Confusion
Ex: who am i?
Vs identity crisis
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 6?
- Young adulthood
- Intimacy vs Isolation
Intimacy (secure healthy attachment)
Isolation (feeling alone)
Ex: maintain long relationships
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 7?
- Middle Adulthood
- Generativity vs Stagnation
Generativity ( pensar en el otro: Children, career, community service, mentoring)
Stagnation ( being stock)
What is Erik Erikson psychosocial stage 8?
- Lated Adulthood
- Integrity vs Despair
Integrity (wisdom)
Despair (bitter)
Ex: those people who are regretful and amargados
What are the three Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning?
- Pre conventional
- Conventional
- Post conventional
What is the pre conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?
Individual shows concern for self- interest and external rewards and punishments
1.1 obedience and punishment
1.2 instrumental purpose and exchange
Ex: A child would not steal a piece of candy because he/she may get in trouble. Not because it is morally to do so.
What is the conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?
Individual does what is expected of them by others.
2.1 Interpersonal accord and conformity
2.2 Social accord and system maintenance
Ex: A child knows not to steal a piece the piece of candy because he/she is afraid of disapproval from others and knows it is socially unacceptable
What is the post conventional Kohlberg’s stage of moral reasoning?
Individual develops more autonomous decision making based on principles of right and justice.
3.1 Social contract and individual rights
3.2 Universal ethical principles
Ex: An adult knows not to cut in front of a long line because it would be unfair and would not agree with his/her ethical principles
