Thinking and Decision Making Flashcards
Dual Systems Theory
The process of two separate yet interacting systems of thinking and Decision making
System 1
Automatic, Holistic, Intuitive thinking based on Heuristics
- Universal
- Based on Inductive Reasoning
Heuristics
- Heuristics are straight forward rules based upon past experiences
- cognitive tools which help to make quick decisions or judgments
Types of Heuristics
- Availability Heuristics
- Representativeness Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
past experiences/examples that are so readily available which encourage prejudgement
- often lead to preassumptions
- inaccurate or wrong reasoning
Representativeness Heuristic
Assume and the individual case is more representative that is really is
System 2
Analytical, Logical, Slower Thinking
- Effortful
- Requires memory attention to the task at hand
Kahneman Theory
- System 1 operates=primary system of thinking
- System 2 “background mode”, little capacity is engaged
System 1 and 2
Kahneman (2011)
- System 2 has the ability to change the way that system 1 works
- Programming memory and attention
ex. Relative at a train station - System 1 governs system 2 by what the individual is thinking about
System 2 Kahneman
- Working mind
- Follows rules and compares objects, deliberate choices
- Low processing capacity
- Requires exclusion of attention to other matters
System 1 Kahneman
- System 1 thinking is not all inaccurate
- Not all judgment is produced by Heuristics
- Accurate intuition= automaticity as a result of prolonged practice
Link to Schema Theory
Highly Selective perception and memory shape/govern thinking=System 1 controls System 2 choices
Link to Schema=Automatic thinking is based on previous experiences
Strengths of Theory
Neurophysiological evidence for two systems, increasing
Limitations
Questions regarding nature of the two systems and their interaction remained unanswered
-Unclear localisation of dual systems theory in the brain
