thinking Flashcards
learning
based on mental information processing
Cognitive psychology
study of mental processes (intelligence, mamory, reasoning, problem-solving, language, attention, perception
Cognition
inofrmation -> emotions, memories -> thoughts -> behavior
Jean Piaget theory
cognitive development consists of mental adaptations to new observations and experiences
Schema
mental category or mental forder/ makes assumption about how individuals in certain roles will behave/ allow us to make automatic assumptions about the person/object/situation
Assimilation
process of absorbing new information/ improving existing knowledge odf something thanks to new but congruent information
Accomodation
process of modifying existing structures in response to experiences (creation of a new schema)/ amending existing knowldege of something thanks to new information that contradicts previous thinking.
event schema
a set of routine or automatic behaviors (difficult to change because they are automatic)
4 stages Piaget’s cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)
learning through sense, bodily movement
preoperational stage ( ages 2 to 7)
mental operations, object permanences, egocentric thinking
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-12)
continue to make erros in reasoning about abstract concepts/ development of logic/ conservation/ reversibility/ cause and effect
Formal operational stage
abstract reasoning, moral reasoning, draw logical conclusions
constructivist theory
people actively construct their knowledge of the world based on the interaction between their ideas and experiences
jean piaget
cognitive psychologist, first to make a systematic study of cognitive development, he published his first scientific article at the age of 11, studied natural science and develomental psychology, cognitive development.
limitations of the theory of jean piaget
preschoolers are not as egocentric as J. Piaget thought, children reveal cognitive abilities much earlier than Piaget believed possible, cognitive developemnt is influenced by child’s culture.
Contribution of J. Piaget
Piaget suggested that the way children think is fundamentally different from the way that adults think.
Piaget’s theory had a tremendous influence on the emergence of developmental psychology as a distinctive subfield within psychology and contributed greatly to the field of education.
He is also credited as a pioneer of theconstructivist theory,
