The humanistic perpective Flashcards
Humanistic perpective
view human nature as good, our behavior is not dtermined by our past or simple rewards and punishment (behaviorism), importance of self-actualization
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
American psychologist, father of humanistic psychology, focus on healthy human psychology, maslow famous for proposing that human motivation is based on the hierarchy of needs that end sup with self-actualization
self-actualization
psychological growth, self-fufillement and satisfaction in life. Realizing our potential.
maslow’s pyramid
hierarchy of human needs
Physiological needs
biological needs (oxygen, water, food), they are the strongest needs because if a person was deprived of all needs, the psysiological ones would come first in the person’s search of satisfaction
Safety needs
needs for security (financial security, home, employement, family), Adults have little awareness of their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the social structure.
belonging and love needs
Maslow states that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. This involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of belonging.
esteem needs
These involve needs for both self-esteem and for the esteem a person gets from others.
Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect, and respect from others.
When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-confident and valuable as a person in the world.
needs for self actualization
Maslow describes self-actualization as a person’s need to be and do that which the person was “born to do.” Reaching our full potential..
Some characteristics of self-actualized people:
Realistic view of the world
Acceptance of themselves and of others
Spontaneity
Task centering: purpose ex. Mother Teresa.
Freshness of appreciation, mindfulness, see beauty in the world.
Non-hostile sense of humour (laugh at oneself)
Comfort in solitude
Profound interpersonal relationships
Carl rogers (1902-1987)
American psychologist from Chicago, known for his contributions to theraphy (client-centered therapy), emphasized tyhe positive aspects of human nature, emphasize on self
Concept of self
a flexible and changing perception of personal identity.
Incongruence
Having feelings not aligned with your actions. The more there is a gap between the real self and the ideal self, the more there will be maladjustments.
Anxiety, insecurity, and defensiveness are common when the self-image does not match the true self. Low of self esteem
real self
person you actually are
ideal self
person you would to be
Congruence
real and ideal self match, we are able to actualize our potentials, high self-esteem, High congruence leads to a greater sense of self-worth and a healthy, productive life. Parents can help their children achieve this by giving unconditional positive regard. (Prize person for just being themselves).
Roger’s client-centered therapy
Primary objective: resolve incongruence of the clients to help them to be able to accept and be themselves, It emphasizes therapist’s empathy with the client and the use of unconditional positive regard
Client-centered therapy is a holistic practice, explore entire human being instead of set of symptoms or diagnosis.
difference between psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy
Psychoanalysis: looks at unconscious
Client-Centered therapy: looks at conscious thoughts and feelings
Psychoanalyst: position of authority, tells you the meaning of your dreams, memories, and thoughts.
Client-Centered therapist: client discusses what will be discussed during therapy, it is non-directive. Therapist job: create atmosphere of growth, the client actively seeks to solve his problems. Not the therapist job.
CCT 4 basic conditions
1) Unconditional positive regard: Accepting someone without prerequisites. (ex. even if you committed a crime, accepted.) Therapist does not react with shock or disapproval. Total acceptance by the therapist for client to gain self-acceptance.
2) Practice genuine empathy: Seeing the world through the client’s eyes, try to feel as much as possible what the client is feeling.
3) Authenticity: Therapist must not hide behind his/her professional role. (keep it real, not phony!)
4) Does not propose solutions, advice: Therapist reflects (rephrase, summarize) the clients thoughts and feelings. Acts as psychological mirror so clients can see themselves more clearly.
Rogers believed that a person armed with a realistic self-image and greater self-acceptance: will gradually discover solutions to their own problems.
