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Psychology > Lifespan development > Flashcards

Lifespan development Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

The study of how people change and grow over time, physically, mentally and socially

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2
Q

three domains in DP

A

physical, cognitive, psychological

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3
Q

normative approach

A

norms of developmental milestones that tends to be universal (biological and social)

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4
Q

Continious development

A

a cumulative process on improving the existing skills

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5
Q

Discontinuious development

A

occuring in unique stages

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6
Q

4 theories of development

A

psychosexual theory, psychosocial theory, cognitive theory, theory of moral development

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7
Q

pyschosexual theory (freud)

A
  1. childhood and experiences build our personality and behaviours
  2. development is discontinious
  3. 5 stages od psychosexual development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)
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8
Q

Psychosocial theory (Erikson)

A
  1. social nature of development
  2. personality development takes place across the lifespan ( but not just in childhood)
  3. 8 stages
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9
Q

Cognitive theory (piaget)

A
  1. Focus on child’s cognitive growth through specific stages
  2. schemata that they adjust through assimilation (incorporates infirmation into existing schemata) and accomodation (change of schemata based on new information)
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10
Q

Theory of moral development (Kohlberg)

A

3 levels of moral develoment (pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional)
The heinz case

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11
Q

Stages of development

A

prenatal, infancy through childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood

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12
Q

prenatal and infant development

A

human fertilization, zugote, embryo, fetus, the fetal stage (9-40 stages)

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13
Q

teratogens

A

toxic substances such as alcohol or nicotine that cross the placenta and may result in birth defects

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14
Q

case study on fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Taken in by a loving family at the age of eight weeks, Alanna grew up in the majestic wilderness of the Yukon mountains. Because her mother drank heavily during pregnancy, Alanna’s development was seriously compromised. She has fetal alcohol syndrome. She will never be like other kids.

Tackling the subject with sensitivity, Julie Plourde’s documentary speaks to the heart. Alanna is a wake-up call about a tragedy that’s largely underestimated by the public but of growing concern to health professionals around the world. In French with English subtitles.

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15
Q

The APGAR test

A

evaluation of a newborn’s overall health in the first few minutes of life

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16
Q

newborn reflexes, sensory abilities

A

Rooting: Baby turns its head toward something that brushes its cheek and gropes around with mouth.
Sucking: Newborn’s tendency to suck on objects placed in the mouth.
Swallowing: Enables newborn babies to swallow liquids without choking.
Stepping: Stepping motions made by an infant when held upright (precursor to walking).
The Babinski Reflex: When the sole of a baby’s foot is touched, the toes curl up and out
Grasping: Close fist around anything placed in their hand
TheMororeflex:is the newborn’s response when she feels like she is falling. The baby spreads her arms, pulls them back in, and then (usually) cries.
Crawling: When placed on the stomach, a baby will make a crawling motion

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17
Q

physical developmental

A

growth, nervous system, motor development, cognitive milestones

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18
Q

psychosocial development

A

attachement - a long standing connection or bond with others

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19
Q

Harlow psychosocial development attachment

A

monkeys, Results suggest that feelings of comfort and security are the critical components to maternal-infant bonding, Contact comfort was preferred over food. Infant monkeys spent more time with soft cuddly “mother” than the “mother” with food.

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20
Q

John Bowvly (attachment theory)

A

secure base (pernatl presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings), emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space, Bowlby discovered that maternal deprivation can seriously affect babies. It’s so potentially damaging that the child can even develop an intellectual delay and a the ability to form stable relationships throughout life.
Attachment begins with contact comfort.
The innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; basis of infant’s first attachment

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21
Q

experiment of Mary Ainsworth

A

The strange situation
1. secure (common when caregivers are sensitive and responsive to needs)
2.avoidant (common when caregivers are sentitive and innattentive to needs)
3. resistant (common when caregiver is inconsistent level of response)
4. disorganized (common when child has been abused)

22
Q

insecure attachements

A

abandonment and deprivation, parenting that is abusive, neglectful, or erratic, stressful circumstances, genetically influenced temperament

23
Q

self-concept

A

Development of a positive sense of self is the main psychosocial milestone of childhood.

24
Q

parenting styles

A

Authoritative style – parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view.
Authoritarian style – parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child.
Permissive style – parents make few demands and rarely use punishment.
Uninvolved style – parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands.

25
Q

temperament

A

innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

26
Q

easy temperament

A

positive emotions, adapt well to change, and capable of regulating emoitions

27
Q

difficult temperament

A

negative emotions, difficulty adapting to change and regulating emotions

28
Q

language

A

a system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gestures to form structured utterances that convey meaning

29
Q

Case of Gene Wiley

A

Her father was abusive,
Critical period for language acquisition: early in life is easier
Perhaps being deprived the opportunity from learning language impeded Genie’s ability to fully acquire and use language

30
Q

menarche

A

refers to the beginning of menstruation

31
Q

spermache

A

occurs in boys around age 13

32
Q

adolescent brain development

A

is limited because the frontal lobe is still developping

33
Q

adolescence

A

period of development between puberty (capable of reproduction) and adulthood

34
Q

frontal lobe

A

responsible for judgment, impulse control and planning

35
Q

brain growth

A

development of prefrontal and limbic system
drugs like marijuana are vulnerable to lasting damage from the drug

36
Q

cognitive empathy

A

the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others.

37
Q

adolescence according to Erikson

A

stage of identity vs role confusion stage

38
Q

When does a person become an adult

A

legally, at 18yo but depends of culture, social milestones, each individuals

39
Q

emerging adulthood (18-29)

A

identity exploration focus on work and love, not yet adults, More emotionally controlled, confident, less dependent, and less angry and alienated than adolescents.

40
Q

physical development early adulthood

A

physical abilities at their peak

41
Q

middle adulthood physical development

A

physical decline is gradual, skin loses in elasticity, visual acuity decreases…

42
Q

Late adulthood

A

skin continues to lose elasticity, reaction time slows further, muscle strenght diminishes, senses decline, memory loss

43
Q

crystalized intelligence

A

(information, skills, and strategies gathered through experience) remains steady or improves.

44
Q

fluid intelligence

A

(information processing abilities, reasoning, and memory) begins to decline.

45
Q

Good impact on health

A

exercise, social support, cognitive activities, relationship, employement

46
Q

Negative impact on health

A

parties, smoking, sleep, alcohol consumption, medications, malnutritions, sexual transmitted diseases, sedentary lifestyle, loss of meaningful activity, intellectual stimulation and control over events

47
Q

Socioemotional selectivity theory

A

as we get older, our social support and friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in our earlier years.

48
Q

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

A

Stages of death and dying: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

49
Q

Thanatology

A

a scientific discipline that examines death from many perspectives, including physical, ethical, spiritual, medical, sociological, and psychological. Concerned with the study of death and dying and the psychological mechanisms of dealing with them

50
Q

Death and dying

A

culture and individuals backgroung influence our view of the death

Psychology (10 decks)

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