Things to work on/know

Question 1

elf4e normally is _______ so it can recruit and do_____

Answer 1

bound to nothing so it can recruit 7 methylguanosine cap to the 5’ mRNA for capping

Question 2

what makes 4e-bp not phosphorylated so it can go bind elf4e

Answer 2

stress or rapamycin

Question 3

elf2alpha normally does what

Answer 3

brings initiator tRNA to ribosome

Question 4

what leads to elf2alpha to be inhibited by phosphorylation

Answer 4

interfeuron

Question 5

each finger of the zinc finger does what

Answer 5

1- DNA binding domain, 2 dimerization domain

Question 6

estrogen binding to estrogen receptor leads to ____ which leads to ____

Answer 6

dimerization which leads to txn activation

Question 7

tamoxifen works how

Answer 7

estrogen antagonist, binds the estrogen receptor and prevents HAT recruitment (sometimes even recruits corepressors)

Question 8

normally what masks the NF kappa B signal

Answer 8

IkappaB

Question 9

what happens when IkB gets phosphorylated

Answer 9

IkB gets degraded and NFkB goes to the nucleus to turn on inflammatory genes

Question 10

normally, NFAT is phosphorylated in the cytoplasm. What removes that phosphate and what happens when that phosphate is removed

Answer 10

cacineurin phosphatase— NFAT goes to nucleus and increases txn in the immune system and heart function

Question 11

cyclosporin and Fk506 are immunosuppresants. how do they work

Answer 11

inhibit calcinuerin– keeps NFAT in the cytoplasm so the immune system is suppressed

Question 12

in DNA, lower salt concentration does what to the TM

Answer 12

lowers it

Question 13

deaminating 5 methycytosine does what

Answer 13

turns it into thiamin

Question 14

how does chemo usually work

Answer 14

intercalating agents

Question 15

puromycin works by

Answer 15

nucleotide analog that mimics the tRNA acceptor region to terminate translation

Question 16

whats the name of the prokaryotic sliding clamp

Answer 16

beta subunit of pol III

Question 17

functions of prok pol I

Answer 17

polymerase 5-3 exonuclease to remove primers and 3-5 proofreading exonuclease

Question 18

pol III functions

Answer 18

polymerase and 3-5 proofreading exonuclease

Question 19

telomerase is a ___ dependent __ polymerase

Answer 19

RDRP

Question 20

three eukaryotic polymerases and what they do

Answer 20

alpha (holoenzyme with primes, polymerase, can’t proofread but does the first 20 nt after RNA primer), delta (lagging strand away from fork) and epsilon (leading strand towards fork)

Question 21

deaminated cytosine is what

Answer 21

uracil

Question 22

2 direct repair enzymes

Answer 22

DNA ligase and MGMT

Question 23

which repair pathway has a helicase

Answer 23

NER

Question 24

which repair pathway has a lyase

Answer 24

BER

Question 25

2 proteins in proks and euks for MMR

Answer 25

MutS and L, MSH MLH’

Question 26

in translation, which subunit has the decoding groove and which has the catalytic center

Answer 26

decoding groove is small subunit catalytic is large

Question 27

how many initiation factors in bacteria vs euks

Answer 27

3 and >12

Question 28

in euk initiation, what binds the 5’ cap

Answer 28

elf4e

Question 29

ferritin does what to iron

Answer 29

sequesters

Question 30

how many high energy bonds are used for each peptide bond thats made in translation

Answer 30

4

Question 31

chloramphenicol and erythromycin work how

Answer 31

affect initiator tRNA binding

Question 32

3 diseases from mutations in DNA control elements

Answer 32

thalassemia hemophilia and fragile x syndrome

Question 33

3 diseases in mutations in ss DBP

Answer 33

craniosynostosis waardenburg syndrome androgen insensitivity

Question 34

2 diseases in HAT and HDAC probz

Answer 34

leukemia and rubenstien taybi

Question 35

3 disease from post translational modification fuck ups

Answer 35

scurvy clotting diseases and CDG

Question 36

how does rapamycin work

Answer 36

dephosphorylates 43 bp to block capping

Question 37

how does gleevec work

Answer 37

hinhibits BCRable kinase competitively

Question 38

how does velcade work

Answer 38

inhibits proteasome to fight multiple myeloma