mitosis and cell cycle

Question 1

CDK subunit is normally ____ and binding of ____ makes it ____

Answer 1

inactive, binding of cyclin makes it active

Question 2

what changes during the cell cycle to regulate CDK activity

Answer 2

cyclin

Question 3

what, besides cyclin, helps regulate CDK activity through cell cycle

Answer 3

CDK inhibitors

Question 4

what is Rb protein

Answer 4

inhibitor of cell cycle during cell division

Question 5

what inhibits Rb

Answer 5

CDK phsphorylation

Question 6

what status of Rb and CDK must exist for replication

Answer 6

Rb inactive by CDK phosphorylation and CDK negative

Question 7

CDI means

Answer 7

CDK inhibitors

Question 8

what are the two classes of CDI

Answer 8

Cip/Kip and INK4

Question 9

p21 is what class of CDI

Answer 9

cip

Question 10

p27 is what class of CDI

Answer 10

Kip

Question 11

what do p21 and p27 do

Answer 11

inhibit all CDks

Question 12

p15 and p16 are what class of CDI and what do they do

Answer 12

INK4 specifically inhibit CDK4/6-cyclin D complexes

Question 13

what is the p16 CDI a tumor suppressor for

Answer 13

melanoma and other cancers

Question 14

what do mitogens and growth factors cause

Answer 14

production of cyclinD1-3

Question 15

what does cyclinD1-3 do

Answer 15

acivates CDK4/6

Question 16

what does activated CDK4/6 do

Answer 16

phosphorylates and inhibits Rb–> entry into cell cycle and S phase

Question 17

where do mitogens act

Answer 17

cell surface

Question 18

what do mitogens cause

Answer 18

an increase in cyclin D1 transcription–> increase in cyclin D1-3 proteins and more CDK4/6 cyclin- D1-3 active protein kinase compiles

Question 19

where is replication always regulated

Answer 19

origin or initiation level

Question 20

what is PreRC

Answer 20

a multi protein complex loaded onto origins in G1 phase

Question 21

a major protein in the PreRC complex is _____ and that does what and is activated by what

Answer 21

MCM DNA helicase- opens up DNA for replication after being actuated by S-CDK complexes

Question 22

what does PreRC cycle prevent and assure

Answer 22

prevents rereplication and assures that S phases are always followed by an M phase because the PreRC can only be loaded during G1 and activated during S (different phases prevents re-replication)

Question 23

PreRC activation in s phase requires what two protein kinases

Answer 23

CDK with cyclins E and E (SCDK) and DDK

Question 24

during the DNA damage checkpoint, CDK cyclin complexes are inhibited by what

Answer 24

p53 and Chk2

Question 25

Li Fraumeni syndrome means mutated

Answer 25

p53 or Chk2

Question 26

what do ATm and ATR do

Answer 26

help with the DNA damage checkpoint

Question 27

patients with fucked up ATM have

Answer 27

higher cancer risk and neurological defects

Question 28

BRCA1 and 2 regulate what pathway

Answer 28

ATM/ATR pathway

Question 29

meiosis one has what kind of a division

Answer 29

reductional

Question 30

meiosis two has what kind of a division

Answer 30

equational division like mitosis