DNA Flashcards
3 nucleotide group solubilities
nucleotide>nucleoside> bases and pyrimidine>purine
2 diseases caused by purines not being soluble
gout and lesch-nyhan disease
always read dna
5’-3’
who Id’d genetic material as DNA
avery mcCloud and mcCarthy with S and R strains of bacteria
chargaffs rule
G=C, A=T, purines=pyrimidines
four factors of DNA Tm
salt concentration, pH extremes, DNA chain length, GC content
negative supercoils mean that the DNA is
underwound
what is the one example of deamination that I need to know
5 methylcytosine deaminatied–> thymine (NH2 is replaced with O)** causes a mismatch
what often causes deamination mutations
exposure to nitrous acid precursors including sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, nitrosamine
where does the depurination break occur
beta N glyosidic link between sugar and base (OH replaces the purine)
what causes oxidative damage
hydroxy radicals is an OH added to base
alkylating agents react with what
nucleophilic groups (negatively charged) to add an alkyl group (ch)
what areas are susceptible to alkylation
N on all 4 bases and then - phosphate backbones
what causes alkylation ( 3 carcinogenic chemicals)
dimethylsulfate, dimethylnitrosamine, nitrogen mustard
what does cisplatin do
similar to an alkylating agent
