things i dont know - paper 1

Question 1

factors affecting eye-witness testimony and studies

Answer 1

leading questions - loftus and palmer
post event discussion- gabbert
anxiety- Johnson and Scott

Question 2

what did loftus and palmer do

Answer 2

participants watched 7 car crash videos, different verbs were used when asking participants how fast the cars were going

smashed = 41mph
contacted = 32mph

Question 3

evaluation of loftus and palmer

Answer 3

strengths : highly controlled, few extraneous variables, e.g same video shown

limitations: lacks ecological validity, knew they were watching for a reason, paid closer attention

Question 4

what were the results of Johnson and Scott

Answer 4

weapon group = 33% correct
non weapon = 44% correct

Question 5

what are the evaluation of Johnson and Scott

Answer 5

strengths: controlled lab study

limitations : lacks ecological, contradictory evidence, Christianson and Hubinette, found witnesses of a real bank robbery had better recall if they were more at risk

Question 6

evaluation of the cognitive interview

Answer 6

strengths : kohken CI improved recall accuracy by 34%

limitations : costly, requires special training

Question 7

what did field do/find

Answer 7

fathers can be primary caregivers, they adopt behaviours typical of mothers e.h smiling and holding , responsiveness not gender

Question 8

strength of dollard and miller

Answer 8

some elements of conditioning may be involved, but focus on food wrong, comfort and interaction may be reinforcing rather than food

Question 9

evaluation of bowlbys monotropic theory

Answer 9

strength : Hazen and Shaved ‘love quiz’, correlation between early bond and later relationship expectations and animal studies

limitations : not supported by Schaffer and Emerson, significant proportion of infants formed multiple attachments

Question 10

Ainsworth strengths

Answer 10

good inter rater, 0.94 Bick

test-retest reliability, retested at 6, 100% secure still displayed secure behaviour, Kaplan and Cassidy

Question 11

what did Rutter et al do

Answer 11

procedure : 165 Romanian orphans adopted in the uk, longitudinal, assessed at 4,6,11,15

Question 12

what did zeanah et al do

Answer 12

procedure : strange situation on Romanian orphans, assessed 95 children, 12-31 months

findings : 65% disorganised and 19% secure

Question 13

evaluation of Romanian orphan studies

Answer 13

strengths : improved institutional care, care worker for each child, few confounding variables, no early trauma (bereavement) , abandoned at birth

limitations: not randomly assigned, social babies adopted first

Question 14

what did hazen and shaver do

Answer 14

the love quiz, 620 replies, they found that

56% secure infants had long lasting relationships
25% avoidant infants, were jealous and feared intimacy in adulthood

Question 15

what is nominal data

Answer 15

frequency count for different categories

Question 16

what is ordinal data

Answer 16

data that can be ranked, subjective

Question 17

what is interval data

Answer 17

measurements in a scale where each unit is the same (objective)

Question 18

social influence group size variation results

Answer 18

1 confederate = 3%
3 confederates = 32%

Question 19

unanimity of majority and written answers percentages

Answer 19

5% and 12.5%

Question 20

research into minority influence

Answer 20

consistency: moscovici
asked participants (172 female students) to name colour of blue card
36 trails
2 confederates and 4 participants
condition 1 = minority always called slides green
condition 2 = minority called the slide green 24/36 times
condition 3 = control no confederates

results
1 = 8%
2= 1.25%
3 = 0.25%