schizophrenia everything Flashcards
can schizophrenia be classified
no, there is no one defining characteristic of SZ
what are the two main classification systems
ICD-10 and DSM-5
what does the ICD-10 involve
one negative symptom for a diagnosis
what does the DSM-5 involve
2 positive symptoms for a diagnosis
what are positive symptoms
additional experiences beyond those of ordinary experiences
what are the two positive symptoms
hallucinations and delusions
what are hallucinations
extra sensory experiences in addition to normal experiences e.g hearing voices “they’re coming to get you”
what are delusions
irrational thoughts that may cause paranoia for example “the fbi are after me”
what are negative symptoms
the loss of usual experiences/abilities
what are the two negative symptoms
avolition and speech poverty
what is avolition
cannot maintain goal motivated behaviours such as personal hygiene, struggle to maintain relationships, work or school
what is speech poverty
the reduction in speed, quality and amount of speech
what is reliability
consistency
evaluation point - reliability
poor inter-rater reliability, Cheniaux et al, 2 psychiatrists independently diagnosed 100 people, 1st psychiatrist 26 on the DSM and 44 of the ICD and 2nd psychiatrist 13 of the DSM and 24 on the ICD
what is validity
accuracy
evaluation point - validity
poor criterion validity, Cheniaux et al, ICD over diagnosed and DSM under diagnosed
what is co-morbidity + evaluation point
the occurrence of 2 mental illnesses at the same time, Buckley et al 50% of people with SZ also have depression
evaluation point - symptom overlap
symptoms of SZ are similar to bipolar, avolition and delusions
evaluation point - gender bias
men get diagnosed more, women get diagnosed 1/2 as much as men (Lonecker)
evaluation point - culture bias,
black groups are diagnosed more (Escobar)
