Things I Don't Know Part 3 Flashcards
What is the advantage of using fluorescent proteins in combination with light microscopy?
Cellular dynamics in the living cell can be observed.
What is FRAP used to examine?
The mobility of proteins
When does FRAP work best/fastest?
In a fluid environment.
Describe how FRAP works.
1) Fluorescent proteins or dyes are photo bleached
2) The diffusion of unbleached proteins/dyes is monitored.
What can FLIP be used to examine?
Communication/material exchange between organelles.
Describe how FLIP works.
Diffusion from an unbleached to a bleached part of the cell results in a decrease of fluorescence in the unbleached part.
What does photoactivation allow for the visualisation of?
A subpopulation of activated proteins.
Explain how photoactivation works.
Mutated GFP or mCherry becomes visible after a lazer pulse.
In which year, and by which scientist, was the term ‘cell’ first used?
In 1665 by Robert Hooke
Who defined cells using the spontaneous generation theory, and in what year?
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schlieden, 1839
Who theorised that cells arose from pre-existing cells? When?
Rudolph Virchow, 1858
What is the size range of the average cell?
1-50 micrometers
Give an example of a cell that is not within the normal size range.
A dinosaur egg, up to 30cm
When did the first cell appear?
Approx 3.8 billion years ago.
Describe the structure of the inner protocell.
Lipids form a bilayer-surrounded compartment containing ribozymes.
What is the maximal resolution of an electron microscope?
0.05nm
What is the maximal resolution of a light microscope?
200nm
Describe the dynamic properties of actin.
Undergoes treadmilling: polymerisation at plus-end, and depolymerisation at minus-end.
Where is the main Microtubule-Organising Centre in animals?
The centrosome
Describe the polymerisation of the microtubules.
They elongate through the addition of GTP-boudn tubulin dimers at the plus-end.
Wht regulates microtubule dynamics and interaction with organelles?
Plus-end binding proteins
Name the molecular motors and state which cytoskeletal filament they are associated with.
Myosin - associated with F-actin.
Kinesin - associated with microtubules.
Dyenin - associated with microtubules.
What is the role of Rab-GTPase?
Helps vesicle-target membrane fusion by tethering vesicles to the membrane.
Name and locate the three vesicle coats.
1) COPI; forms at Golgi vesicles
2) COPII; forms at endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi vesicles.
3) Clathrin; forms at the endocytic vesicles.
