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Cells > Animal Cells (Part Four) > Flashcards

Animal Cells (Part Four) Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of integral proteins in a transport vesicle?

A

50

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2
Q

How many phospholipids in a transport vesicle?

A

7,000

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3
Q

How many cholesterol molecules in a transport vesicle?

A

5,700

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4
Q

Name the most abundant transport vesicle.

A

v-SNARE

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5
Q

What is the diameter of a transport vesicle.

A

30nm

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6
Q

Name the three kinds of potential coating for a vesicle.

A
  • Clathrin
  • COPI
  • COPII
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7
Q

Where are clathrin-coated vesicles found in the pathway?

A
  • trans Golgi network (of the Golgi)
  • early endosome
  • plasma membrane
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8
Q

Where are COPI-coated vesicles found in the pathway?

A

The Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

Where are COPII-coated vesicles found in the pathway?

A

The ER

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10
Q

Name the 3 filamentous biopolymers that make up the cytoskeleton.

A
  • F-actin
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
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11
Q

State the diameter of

a) F-actin
b) Microtubules
c) Intermediate filaments

A

a) F-actin = 7-9nm
b) Microtubules = 25nm
c) Intermediate filaments = 10nm

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12
Q

What is the role of

a) F-actin?
b) Microtubules?
c) Intermediate filaments?

A

a) F-actin = short-range transport, cell migration
b) Microtubules = Long-range transport, chromosome inheritance
c) Intermediate filaments = Mechanical strength

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13
Q

Describe the structure and composition of F-actin.

A
  • Monomers of G-actin form an F-actin polymer

- F-actin polymers join to form 2 protofilaments which together form a helix

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14
Q

How many different actin-binding proteins are known?

A

Over 160

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15
Q

Name the proteins that organise F-actin.

A

Actin-binding proteins

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16
Q

Where can ordered bundling of F-actin be found in the body?

A
  • Microvilli

- Stereocilia

17
Q

Where can cross-linking of F-actin be found in the body?

A
  • Stress-fibres

- Muscle

18
Q

Where can dynamic cross-linking of F-actin be found in the body?

A

Network formation

19
Q

What proteins hold together the structure of F-actin in

a) Ordered bundling?
b) Cross-linking?
c) Dynamic cross-linking?

A

a) Ordered bundling = Fibrin, alpha-actinin
b) Cross-linking = Filamin, spectrin
c) Dynamic cross-linking = myosin

20
Q

Describe the structure and composition of microtubules.

A
  • 13 protofilaments forming a ‘tube-like’ structure

- Protofilaments composed of Tubulin dimers, with a Beta-tubulin and Alpha-tubulin component

21
Q

Explain polymerisation of the microtubules.

A
  • GTP-bound tubulin dimers are added to the ‘plus’ end of the microtubules
  • A cap of GTP-tubulin stabilises the growing microtubule
22
Q

Explain ‘pausing’ in the microtubules.

A
  • Tubulin hydrolyses the bound GTP to GDP whilst the microtubule polymerises
  • Polymerisation slows down, and the GTP cap disappears
23
Q

What is the moment of transition into depolymerisation in a microtubule called?

A

Catastrophe

24
Q

What is the moment of transition back into polymerisation from depolymerisation in a microtubule called?

A

A rescue event

25
Q

What form of microscopy can be used to reveal the differences in the dynamic behaviour of microtubules and F-actin?

A

Speckle microscopy

26
Q

Name the organisms that form microtubule-support protrusions.
What do these protrusions serve in?

A

Heliozoa.

They serve in capturing food, sensation, movement, and attachment.

27
Q

Where do the following proteins bind:

a) tagRFP-Tubulin?
b) EB1-GFP?

A

a) tagRFP-Tubulin = microtubules

b) EB1-GFP = microtubule plus-ends

28
Q

Where are microtubules nucleated?

A

The centrosome

29
Q

What do centrioles consist of?

A

Mainly consist of microtubule

30
Q

Complete the following sentence:

Centrioles become the basal body of the _____________________.

A

Flagella and cilia

31
Q

Name some organisms that do not have centrioles.

What do they instead use for microtubule nucleation?

A
  • Plants and fungi

- Use gamma-tubin for microtubule nucleation

32
Q

What do centrosomes consist of?

A
  • Three centrioles

- The peri-centriolar material (PCM)

33
Q

What does the PCM (per-centriolar material) contain?

A

Gamma-tubulin

Cells (18 decks)

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