The Endosymbiont Hypothesis Flashcards
What is cellular endosymbiosis?
When a single-cell organism lives inside a host cell.
Who established the Endosymbiont Theory?
Lynn Marguilis
What is the Endosymbiont Theory?
Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were derived from engulfed prokaryotes.
Give the steps to the development of an advanced eukaryotic plant cell.
- Infolding of membrane forms nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.
- Engulfing of heterotrophic prokaryote results in mitochondria.
- Engulfing of photosynthetic prokaryote results in chloroplasts.
Give evidence for the Endosymbiont theory.
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria (C&Ms) contain their own circular genomes.
- C&Ms contain 70S ribosomes.
- Chloroplasts use tubulin-like FtsZ for division.
- Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria both possess thylakoid membranes.
- C&Ms both possess a double membrane.
- Bacteria and mitochondria share a specific membrane lipid.
How many nucleotides in a human mitochondrial genome?
16,000
How many nucleotides in a chloroplast?
70,000-200,000
What is the double membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria likely derived from?
Incomplete phagocytosis
What is a nucleomorph?
A DNA-containing relict of an engulfed prokaryote.
In what group of organisms can a nucleomorph be found?
Some algae
Give algae that contain nucleomorphs.
- Dinoflagellates
- Apicomplexans
- Stramenoplies
- Euglenids
- Chlorarachniophytes
What are lichen?
A symbiosis of fungi and unicellular algae
