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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Salting in

A

Increase solubility bc we add avg salt not too high

If too high, it is salting-out bc salt interacts with solvent so that the solubility decreases

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2
Q

Pellet has the

A

organelles, heavy stuff unsoluble proteins and the supernatant is the one with the dissolved, soluble proteins

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3
Q

Anionic detergent (SDS) makes

A

aa negative charges so that all are same at the cathode (-), so we look at size

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4
Q

Immunoassay types

A

Western blot, ELISA

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5
Q

ELISA

A

use Ab to detect protein concentration

Western blot uses Ab too (primary, secondary in ELISA) and detects the viral antigen.

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6
Q

200-400 nm (UV wavelength)

A

amino acids are absorbed best because of the aromaticity too

Absorbance= -log (I, I transmitted))/ Io (I initial)

Absorbance = log Io / I

A = - log T

T= I/ Io

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7
Q

Restriction enzyme

A

DNAeases (cleave DNA), palindromic seq (reading back and forward same)

if methlayed, RE cannot be used

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8
Q

endonuclease

A

cleave middle, exo (end) cleave polynucleotide

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9
Q

reporter gene

A

restriction enzyme things and it reports whether Green fluorescent antibiotic res

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10
Q

transgenic gene

A

transferred gene naturally (genetic engineering)

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11
Q

microarray

A

healthy vs cancerous cell, you add fluorescence and isolate the RNA and make cDNA and look at the expression

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12
Q

Impulse formula (think momentum)

A

Ft= mv

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13
Q

Flow rate

A

ADP/T (thickness)

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14
Q

attractive F

A

related with molecule and repulsion with b so volume

high P low V

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15
Q

3rd thermodynamic law

A

S getting to 0 T is 0

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16
Q

work positive when done

A

on the system

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17
Q

specific heat

A

c= cal/gK

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18
Q

1 cal/gK of water (specific heat)

A

4.184 J/gK

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19
Q

Pressure

A

A v R = CO R

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20
Q

Viscosity

A

Pressure x time (Pa s)

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21
Q

37 C body temp

9/5C +32

A

98.6 F

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22
Q

1 atm

A

1 bar, 101 kPa, 760 Torr, 14.7 psi

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23
Q

Every 10 m adds

A

1 atm to Ptotal

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24
Q

Pressure

A

Force/ Area

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25
Q

P gauge

A

Absolute P (dgh+ Patm) - P atm

dgh

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26
Q

density

A

g/ml g/cm3 kg/L

L= dm3

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27
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

dgh

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28
Q

Lyman

A

n=1 UV

Balmer 2 visible
Paschen 3 IR

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29
Q

All EM waves travel the

A

same speed !!!

their nm and f are different

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30
Q

spectrometry

A

measured absorbed wavelength of light and see the colors

reflection= frequency, color

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31
Q

capacitor

A

Farad ( C/V)

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32
Q

Intensity

A

power/ area

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33
Q

proteins absorbed at

A

200-400 nm (UV)

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34
Q

gamma rays have no

A

mass ,charge

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35
Q

when gain electron

A

enthalphy is negeative (E. affinity)

oxidation= lose e so e is on the right side

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36
Q

1 kg

A

1L

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37
Q

when VP increases

A

BP increase and high volatility (ethanol) and intermo forces decrease

at high altitude BP decrease

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38
Q

HClO3

A

chloric acid

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39
Q

fusion

A

meltng

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40
Q

Enthalpy is

A

q at constant p

U is q at constant V

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41
Q

H

A

U + pV

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42
Q

S (J/K)

A

q/ T = klnwW

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43
Q

Buffer

A

weak acid/base and ists conjugate salt

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44
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

9 ish

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45
Q

Kw

A

Ka x Kb

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46
Q

Lead-Acid and Ni-Cd

A

discharging and the one that has O is cathode and Ni-Cd has high E density and the other ahs low E density

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47
Q

Faraday constant (F) in E cell equation

A

96,485 C/mol or J/V

R = 8 !!!

48
Q

Disproportion rxns (dismutations)

A

both oxidized and reduced element

CoQ !!!

49
Q

Potentiometric titration

A

no indicator, we use voltage

50
Q

Solvation (Nacl in water)

A

is endothermic (bc you need heat)

51
Q

Haber process

A

N2 + 3 H2 = 2 NH3

52
Q

enantiomers have (configurational)

A

identical phys and chem properties

53
Q

heme

A

porphyrin (has N has double bondish things)

54
Q

ubiquinol is

A

OH (reduced) in ETC from ubiquinone (CoQ)

55
Q

OH becomes a better leaving group in

A

acidic environment (oxonium ion (+) formed

56
Q

to reduce imine do

A

hydrolysis via water

57
Q

enolate at thermodynamic condition is

A

high T weak weak base and irreversible

58
Q

amine + COOH derivate (anhydride maybe)

A

amide (condensation)

59
Q

amide undergo to form COOH

A

hydrolysis under high T, acidity, basicity

60
Q

Stretcher synthesis

A

aldehyde +KCN (COOH group)_ + NH4Cl

61
Q

most amines are

A

weak bases (good leaving group)

62
Q

cDNA has

A

NO introns

63
Q

gangliosides (lipid)

A

have oligosac with 1 NANA

64
Q

nonsense mutation

A

truncation

65
Q

paracellular route

A

tight junctions (no intercellular transport)

66
Q

RBC and skeletal muscle don’t do

A

CAC

67
Q

mitochondria inner m

A

doesn’t have cholesterol

68
Q

cholesterol synthesis

A

acoa goes to ER

69
Q

pancreas produces

A

bicarbonate

trypsin !!! (enteropeptidase)

70
Q

shunts

A

skip lungs, liver (fetus)

umbilical veins= oxygenated

formamen ovale= right to left atrium
ductus arteriole= pulm ar to aorta
ductus venous = skip liver

71
Q

hematocrit (blood )

A

is the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood,

72
Q

veins

A

low resistance so low BP

73
Q

mesoderm

A

steroid hormones

endo= endocrine glands (thyroid)

74
Q

blue color in doopler effect

A

sun getting closer

75
Q

clonus

A

related with CNS (upper body neurons) irregular contractions rhythm

fasciculation= lower body neurons (PNS) twitches

76
Q

As surface tension decreases

A

temperature increases (KE increases) intermole int decrease bc you have low molecule

77
Q

prions (protein)

A

trigger misfolding alpha to beta helices and DECREASE solubility

78
Q

viroids

A

plant pathogens

79
Q

peptide Nt

A

opioids (endorphins)

80
Q

Monoamine Nt

A

catecholamines, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

81
Q

morphology

A

structure of words

semantics= meaning of words

syntax= grammar of correct words, sentences

82
Q

prosody

A

rhythm of cadence, language

phonology= sound of language

83
Q

pragmatics

A

Dependence of language on context and pre-existing knowledge

Affected by prosody

84
Q

Skinner (behaviorist)

A

operant conditioning, learning theory

85
Q

Jung, Adler, Horney are

A

non-Freudian

collective unconscious

86
Q

Chomsky

A

nativist language (innate), language acquisition device

CHILD

87
Q

Language influences

A

cognition

88
Q

Aphasia

A

problems with language

89
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

cant repeat backwords, damage to articulate fasciculus

90
Q

Mead

A

imitation, interactionist (Blumer)

91
Q

Maslow

A

self-actualization is rarely achieves

Roger (usually)

92
Q

Treisman’s attenuation theory (coctail party effect)

A

Attenuator weakens input from unattended sensory input (rather than elimination by a filter)

Sensory register → attenuator → perceptual process → consciousness

Broadbent’s early selection theory

93
Q

Binet

A

IQ at a certain age gibi

94
Q

Galton

A

Human ability and intelligence are hereditary

95
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

General to specific (top-down)

inductice= bottom=up so specific to general

96
Q

As volume increases

A

work is negative bc we give energy to our surroundings

97
Q

As pressure decreases

A

work is positive bc compress it

98
Q

compressing a gas is

A

positive work

99
Q

W= - pV (negative) when work on system

A

when V increase work is negative

because we lose HEAT

100
Q

Fahrenheit

A

9/5C +32 to get Celsius

101
Q

Path functions

A

q and w

state functions: G, S

102
Q

lysozyme found in

A

mouth as well as amylase, lipase, and saliva

103
Q

mucous cells are

A

epithelial cells around the stomach, proliferative and produce bicarbonate (pancreas)

104
Q

somatostatin

A

in the pancreas and stomach and inhibit GH

lead to more production of intrinsic factor (b12) in parietal cells

105
Q

Leptin is secreted by

A

adipocytes

ghrelin= upper stomach and pancreas

106
Q

MA

A

number of movable rope

107
Q

Self-determination theory (macro) = human motivation

A

autonomy, dependence, competence

higher you have, the more intrinsically motivated you are

108
Q

Parallel play

A

2-3 age

109
Q

Hedonism (Kohlberg)

A

Doing things for personal gain (+9) reward, punish

110
Q

Conventional stage

A

conformity, law, and order (adolescence, adult)

111
Q

Post-conventional

A

the social contract, universal ethical principle (own moral code)

112
Q

reaction formation

A

you do the opposite ( the girl is cute so you hit her)

113
Q

rationizalition

A

excuse, i had a great reason to do that

114
Q

Bandura

A

reciprocal determinism

115
Q

Eysenck’s personality theory

A

PEN

Psychoticism = degree to which reality is distorted
Extroversion = degree of sociability
Neuroticism = emotional stability

MCAT (9 decks)

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