BP FL4 Flashcards
Buffer solutions
include weak acids and bases so that it doesn’t affect the overall pH and has its conjugate salt
Na2HPO4
formed by a weak acid
H3PO4 is a weak acid !!!!!
to be an acid, you need to donate H (Bronsted), or accept e (Lewis acid) or produce H (Arrhenius)
UV is higher energy than
Visible or IR
The UV absorption of A in MH solutions and in aqueous solutions both peak at 314 nm, suggesting:
no significant change because both had the same peak so no shift happened with MH (more solubility)
mechanical energy
vibrations
Human hearing range
This range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz
If NADH is upregulated
NAD+ is low so we cannot go through gluconeogenesis that well so it is decreased
alkane
CnH2n+2
alkyne
CnH2n-2
shorter wavelength
higher energy so when you have protonated the compound in the question, you actually decrease the nm so the E increases
electron donation (methyl)
-O
COOH (withdrawing, CN)
by the methyl
makes it a stronger BASE
When you lose work or clockwise and P decreases
work done on surroundings so WORK BY THE SYSTEM (negative work)
Efficiency
Work output / work input
If efficiency is increased, work?
YES !!! IT INCREASES
impurities in a compound
lowers and broadens the melting point range
rollercoaster
centripetal F and a think !!!!!
When something ruptured in a water tank
dgh = 1/2dv2
If a toxin binds to ETC and prevents it
apoptosis or necrosis and also decrease ATP and will not increase O2 demand bc you cannot reach the oxygen
NADH levels will increase if CAC
doesnt work properly and no longer converts it to NAD+ and H
We produce CO2 in
CAC
Always look at KEY WORDS
ETC inhibition
drug
inhiitor
antagonist
Higher concentrations of CO2 in venous erythrocytes produce bicarbonate and drive the exchange of Cl- from the plasma into the cell.
If we only have HIGHER co2 in rbc we can exchange it with Cl
Co2 found in
RBC not plasma
integrins
attach to collagen and fibers !!!
dynein
backward, retrograde (nothing to do with motility of a cell or maybe decrease it)
Receptor tyrosine kinase
hormone receptors
response elements
promoter
Operators
are structures in operons, which are involved in prokaryotic gene expression. (repressor binds)
If a bacteria is endosymbiotic and lives inside another bacteria
detection of it will be hard and vaccination will be not effective
Gram (-) bacteria:
-contain pore proteins, known as porins, within their outer membrane
which aid in the diffusion of hydrophilic antibiotics, such as doxycycline.
If the bacterium could adapt to reduce the expression of functional porins and thereby decrease antibiotic permeability, it is unlikely that doxycycline would continue to be as effective against them
After production, the testosterone: (hormone)
release to circulation and transported around the body with a plasma protein
Morulation: (16-cell) That cavity was most likely a:
blastocoel (cavity)
outer: placenta (cavity)
inner: embryo (inner mass)
angiogenesis
development of new blood vessels.
D or L some things use only one enantiomer like carb and aa (L)
because they are stereospecific
Which of the following is most likely true of the 5’-UTR region ? (before mrna coding region)
It is transcribed but is typically not translated or is only partially translated.
If a genetics question asks the probability of the child has a recessive disorder
multiple the probability of the mom and dad and the child !!!
if you only look at one F1 generation multiple 1 parent and child
If only 1 strand is replicated (PCR)
it is linear, not exponential
no alternative splicing
still no INTRONS
Histone has 11 nm diameter
DNA has 2 nm diameter so when it coils around the histone the diameter becomes 15 nm so that the DNA original was 75 and now it is 15 nm.
Average human cell DNA length
1.8 m
Nucleosome
more coiled than heterochromatin
Voluntary muscles may contract involuntarily due to a reflex arc.
REFLEX ARC
The classic example is the patellar tendon reflex, in which sudden stretching of the patellar tendon leads to an involuntary contraction of the quadriceps. Such contraction occurs before the signal has even reached the brain.
INTERNEURON !!!
colorblind
x linked recessive (hemophilia)
Huntington disease, neurofibromatosis, and polycystic kidney disease.
autosomal dominant
Evolutionary game theory
non-intentional behavior !!!
Gram i and + (MRSA)
antibiotic !!
Posterior pituatury
oxytocin, ADH (water lost in urine decreases)
hypothalamus
dopamine, CRH, GnRH, tropic hormones
The sense of agency
is the sense that you feel in control of your life
Social capital
social networks
such as job connections, the ability to call in favors, and the ability to rely on others for support in difficult circumstances.
Surround suppression
involves perceiving tactile information while ignoring stimuli immediately surrounding it.
Neuron potentiation
long-term potentiation, or the strengthening of synapses with repeated use over time.
kinesthetic system
balance and an individual’s sense of his body in the world.
self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate reinforcement in the form of:
relief from anxiety
Paraphilia
experience of intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals.
Androgyny
combination of masculine and feminine characteristics.
General paresis (infection of brain/spinal cord)
is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting the brain, caused by late-stage syphilis. (bacterial infection)
Delirium tremens (alcohol wihtdrawal)
is an acute episode of delirium that is usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol.
availability heuristic
individuals pay attention to more extreme cases, which they then use to generalize events as occurring at greater rates than they actually are.
A paired samples t-test
results came from the same participants.
independent samples t-test
compare mean values of two groups.
sensorimotor
infancy (0-2) 2,7 7,11 (concrete) 112+ (formal)
emotions
universal !! FADHSS (not shame, it is surprise)
The affect heuristic
is the process of making a judgment based on emotions that are evoked.
Sexual dimorphism
degree to which males and females resemble each other.
low= identical high= different (competition is high, they mate not repetitively and stick with only one)
Stimulus motives are:
innate but not necessary for survival. (curiosity)
Stanley Milgram
obedience experiment, teacher, superior
fundamental att- error
Informative pressure
subtype of conformity pressure
Race/etchnicity
demographic
