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MSK Anatomy > thigh > Flashcards

thigh Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of hip bone

A

ilium
pubis
ischium

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2
Q

which of the 3 parts of the hip is the widest and largert

A

iliium

located superiorly and has inner and external surfaces

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3
Q

which part of hip bone is the most anterior

A

pubis

consists of body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

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4
Q

what forms posterioinfreior part of hip bone

A

ischium

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5
Q

what does femoral head articulate with

A

acetabulum of hip

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6
Q

what is great saphenous vein formed by

A

dorsal venoush arch of foot and dorsal vein of great toe

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7
Q

where does great saphenous vein drain

A

femoral vein at medial aspect of thigh, immediately inferior to inguinal ligament

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8
Q

what lesser saphenous vein formed by

A

dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of little toe

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9
Q

where does lesser saphenous vein drain

A

popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

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10
Q

what veins drain gluteal region

A

inferior and superior gluteal veins, these empty into internal iliac vein

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11
Q

lymphatics of lower limb drain into which 3 groups of nodes

A

superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
poplitela

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12
Q

what type of joint is hip joint

A

ball and socket synovial joint

strong and multiaxial joint, designed for stability and weight-bearing rather than large ROM

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13
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

cup-like depression located on the inferolateral aspect of pelvis

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14
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartilaginous collar that deepens the acetabular cavity

incresease in depth provides larger articularing surface, further improving joint stability

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15
Q

which ligaments prevent hyperextension of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral ligament

ischeiofemoral ligament

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16
Q

which ligament prevents hyper-abduction of the hip joint

A

pubofemoral ligament

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17
Q

arterial supply to hip joint

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (branches of profunda femoris)

they anastomose at base of femoral neck to form a ring

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18
Q

damage to what artery may result in avascular necrosis of the femorla head

A

medial circuflex femoral artery

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19
Q

what nerves innervate the hip joint

A

sciatic, femoral + obturator nerves

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20
Q

what muscles cause hip flexion

A

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus

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21
Q

what muscles cause hip extension

A

gluteus maximus
posterior part adductor magnus
biceps femoris (hamstrings)

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22
Q

what muscles cause hip adduction

A 
adductor longus 
adductor brevis 
adductor magnus 
pectineus 
gracilis 
obturator externus
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23
Q

what muscles cause hip abduction

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minius
tensor fascia latae

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24
Q

what muscles cause hip lateral rotation

A 
piriformis 
obturator internus 
obturator externus 
superior + inferior gamelli
quadratus femoris
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25
Q

what muscles cause hip medial rotation

A 
gluteus medius (ant fibres) 
gluteus minumis (ant fibres) 
tensor fascia latae
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26
Q

what muscles make u p anterior compartment of thigh

A

iliopsoas muscle
quadriceps femoris
sartorius muscle
pectineus muscle

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27
Q

what nerve innervates muscles of anterior compartment thigh

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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28
Q

action of iliospaos (psoas major and iliacsus) muscle

A

flex thigh at hip joint

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29
Q

action of quadriceps femoris

A

main extensor of knee

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30
Q

actions of sartorius muscle

A

hip joint: flexor, abductor, lateral rotator

knee joint: flexor

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31
Q

action of pectineus muscle

A

adduction and flexion at hip joint

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32
Q

innervation and action of the muscles of medial thigh

A

hid adduction

obturator nerve (and artery)

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33
Q

what are the medial thigh muscles

A 
gracilis 
obturator externus 
adductor brevis 
adductor longus 
adductor magnus
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34
Q

innervation and actoins of posterior thigh muscles

A

collectively known as the hamstrings

extend at hip and flex at knee

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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35
Q

what are the muscles of posterior thigh

A

collectively known hamstrings

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

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36
Q

what is the femoral triangle

A

hollow area in anterior thigh

neurovascular structures of anterior aspect lower limb enter through it

equivalent of axilla

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37
Q

superior border of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

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38
Q

lateral border of femoral triangle

A

medial border of sartorius muscle

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39
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

medial border of adductor longus

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40
Q

roof (anteriorly) of femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

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41
Q

base (posteriorly) of femoral triangle

A

pectineus
iliopsoas muscle
adductor longus muscke

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42
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A 
femoral nerve 
femoral artery 
femoral vein 
femoral canal (contains deep lymph nodes and vessels) 
empty space

the femoral artery, vein and canal are contained within fascial compartment called femoral sheath

43
Q

what is the femoral sheath

A

funnel shapped connective tissue tube which surrounds proxiimal part of femoral vessels (not nerve) and creates femoral canal medial ot them

44
Q

3 compartments of femoral sheath

A

lateral: femoral artery
intermediate: femoral vein
medial: femoral canal

45
Q

contents of femoral canal

A

fat + loose connective tissue
lymphatic vessels - draining into deep inguinal lymph nodes
deep lymph node - the lacunar node
empty space to allow for distension of femoral vein so it can cope w increased venous return or intra-abdominal pressure

46
Q

when does external iliac artery become femoral artery

A

when it crossed under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle

47
Q

what is femoral vein continuation of and how does it end

A

continuation of popliteal vein and passes proximally entering femoral triangle and becoming external iliac vein

48
Q

nerve roots of femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

49
Q

what is adductor canal

A

narrow conical tunnel in thigh

~15cm long extending from femoral triangle to adductor hiatus of adductor magnus

50
Q

anteriomediial border of adductor canal

A

sartorius muscle

51
Q

lateral border of adductor canal

A

vastus medialis muscle

52
Q

posterior border of adductor canal

A

adductor longus and adductor magnus

53
Q

contents of adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve

54
Q

nerve roots of lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

T12 contributes to plexus 50% of time

55
Q

branches of lumbar plexus

A 
iliohypogastric 
illioguinal 
genitofemoral 
lateral cutaneous 
femoral 
obturator
56
Q

nerve roots of lateral cutaneous nerve

A

L2, L3

57
Q

function of lateral cutaneous nerve

A

sensation for anterior and lateral thigh down to level of knee

no motor function

58
Q

nerve roots of obturator nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

59
Q

motor function of obturator nerve

A 
muscles: 
obturator externus 
pectineus 
adductor longus 
adductor magnus 
adductor brevis 
gracilis
60
Q

sensorry function obturator nerve

A

innervates skin over medial thigh

61
Q

nerve roots of femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

62
Q

functions of femoral nerve

A

motor: iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris
sensory: skin on anterior thigh and middle leg

63
Q

what is the pelvic girdle

A

bony ring consisting of the sacrum, R + L hip bones joined anteriorly at pubic symphysis and posteriorly by the sacroiliac joints

64
Q

what does bony pelvis consist of

A

2 hip bones
sacrum
coccyx

65
Q

what are the 4 articulations within pelvis

A 
2x sacroiliac joints (between ilium of hip bones and sacrum) 
sacrococcygeal symphisis (between sacrum and coccyx) 
pubic symphysis (between the pubis bodies of the 2 hip bones)
66
Q

greater sciatic foramen

A

route for structures leaving pelvis

67
Q

lesser sciatic foramen

A

route for structures entering pelvis

68
Q

how can muscles of gluteal region be broadly divided

A

superficial abductors and extenders

deep lateral rotators

69
Q

arterial supply to muscles of gluteal region

A

mostly via superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of internal iliac artery)

70
Q

superficial muscles of gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

71
Q

innervation and function of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

main extensor of thigh and assists with lateral rotation

72
Q

innervation and function of gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

abducts + medially lower limb. during locomotion it secures pelvis

73
Q

innervation and function of gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

abducts and medially rotates lower limb. secures pelvis

74
Q

innervation and function of tensor fascia lata

A

superior glutal nerve

assists gluteal medius and minumis in abductio and medial rotation of lower limb

75
Q

what are the deep muscles of gluteal region

A

piriformis
obturator internus
the gemelli (sup + inf )
quadratus femoris

76
Q

innervation and function of piriformis muscle

A

nerve to piriformis

lateral rotation and abduction

77
Q

innervation and function of obturator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus

lateral rotation and abduction

78
Q

innervation and function of the gemelli

A

lateral rotation and abduction

superior: nerve to obturator internus
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris

79
Q

innervation and function of quadratus femoris

A

lateral rotation

nerve to quadratus femoris

80
Q

where is sacral plexus and what does it do

A

surface of posterior pelvic wall, anterior to piriformis muslce

network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and muscles of the pekvis and lower limb

81
Q

branches of sacral plexus

A 
superior gluteal nerve 
inferior gluteal nerve 
sciatic nerve 
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
pudendal nerve

also,
nerve to piriformis
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris

82
Q

what nerve roots form sacral plexus

A

S1, S2, S3 and S4

also receives contributions from L4 and L5

83
Q

what are the 2 destinations for branches of sacral plexus

A

leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, enter gluteal region and supply structures there

remain and pelvis and supply pelvic muscles, organs and perineum

84
Q

roots and function of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4, L5, S1

motor: gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata
sensory: none

85
Q

roots and function of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

motor: gluteus maximus
sensory: none

86
Q

roots of sciatic nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

87
Q

what happens when sciatic nerve reaches apex of popliteal fossa

A

bifurcates into tibial and common fibular nerves

88
Q

roots and function of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

motor: none
Sensory: innervates skin on posterior surface of thigh and leg. also skin of perinuem

89
Q

roots and function of pudendal nerve

A

S2, S3, S4

motor: skeletal muscles in perineum, external urethral sphincter, levator ani
sensory: penis, clitoris, most of skin of perineum

90
Q

ant. thigh: iliopsoas attachments

A

psoas major: lumbar vertebrae
iliacus: iliac fossa

insert together onto lesser trochanter femur

91
Q

ant thigh: iliopsoas innervation

A

psoas major: anterior rami L1-L3

ilacus: femoral nerve

92
Q

ant thigh: vastus lateralis attachments

A

originate greater trochanter femur and lateral lip linea aspera

quadricep tendon

93
Q

ant thigh: vastus intermedius attachments

A

anterior and lateral surfaces femoral shaft

quadricep tendon

94
Q

ant thigh: vastus medialis attachments

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip linea aspera

quadricep tendon

95
Q

ant thigh: rectus femoris attachments

A

anterior inferior iliac spine and area ilium superior to acetabulum

quadricep tendon

96
Q

rectus femoris actions

A

flex hip and extend knee

97
Q

ant thigh: sartorius muscle attachments

A

originates anterior superior iliac spine

attaches superior, medial surface tibia

98
Q

sartorius muscle actions

A

hip: flex, abduct, lateral rotation
knee: flex

99
Q

ant thigh: pectineus attachments

A

pectineal line anterior surface pelvis

pectineal line on posterior side femur

100
Q

pectineus muscle action and innervation

A

adduct and flex hip

femoral nerve and may receive branch from obturator nerve

101
Q

adductor magnus attachments

A

adductor par: inferior rami of pubis and rami of ischium to linea aspera of femur

hamstring part: ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line femur

102
Q

motor functions sciatic nerve

A

tibial: posterior thigh muscles, hamstring component adductor magnus, posterior leg muscles, muscles of sole of foot

common fibular: short head biceps femoris, ant + lat muscles leg, extensor digitorum brevis

103
Q

sensory functions sciatic nerve

A

tibial: posterolateral leg and sole foot

common fibular: lateral leg and dorsum of foot

MSK Anatomy (12 decks)

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