thigh Flashcards
3 parts of hip bone
ilium
pubis
ischium
which of the 3 parts of the hip is the widest and largert
iliium
located superiorly and has inner and external surfaces
which part of hip bone is the most anterior
pubis
consists of body, superior ramus and inferior ramus
what forms posterioinfreior part of hip bone
ischium
what does femoral head articulate with
acetabulum of hip
what is great saphenous vein formed by
dorsal venoush arch of foot and dorsal vein of great toe
where does great saphenous vein drain
femoral vein at medial aspect of thigh, immediately inferior to inguinal ligament
what lesser saphenous vein formed by
dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of little toe
where does lesser saphenous vein drain
popliteal vein in popliteal fossa
what veins drain gluteal region
inferior and superior gluteal veins, these empty into internal iliac vein
lymphatics of lower limb drain into which 3 groups of nodes
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
poplitela
what type of joint is hip joint
ball and socket synovial joint
strong and multiaxial joint, designed for stability and weight-bearing rather than large ROM
what is the acetabulum
cup-like depression located on the inferolateral aspect of pelvis
what is the acetabular labrum
fibrocartilaginous collar that deepens the acetabular cavity
incresease in depth provides larger articularing surface, further improving joint stability
which ligaments prevent hyperextension of the hip joint
iliofemoral ligament
ischeiofemoral ligament
which ligament prevents hyper-abduction of the hip joint
pubofemoral ligament
arterial supply to hip joint
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (branches of profunda femoris)
they anastomose at base of femoral neck to form a ring
damage to what artery may result in avascular necrosis of the femorla head
medial circuflex femoral artery
what nerves innervate the hip joint
sciatic, femoral + obturator nerves
what muscles cause hip flexion
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus
what muscles cause hip extension
gluteus maximus
posterior part adductor magnus
biceps femoris (hamstrings)
what muscles cause hip adduction
adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus pectineus gracilis obturator externus
what muscles cause hip abduction
gluteus medius
gluteus minius
tensor fascia latae
what muscles cause hip lateral rotation
piriformis obturator internus obturator externus superior + inferior gamelli quadratus femoris
what muscles cause hip medial rotation
gluteus medius (ant fibres) gluteus minumis (ant fibres) tensor fascia latae
what muscles make u p anterior compartment of thigh
iliopsoas muscle
quadriceps femoris
sartorius muscle
pectineus muscle
what nerve innervates muscles of anterior compartment thigh
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
action of iliospaos (psoas major and iliacsus) muscle
flex thigh at hip joint
action of quadriceps femoris
main extensor of knee
actions of sartorius muscle
hip joint: flexor, abductor, lateral rotator
knee joint: flexor
action of pectineus muscle
adduction and flexion at hip joint
innervation and action of the muscles of medial thigh
hid adduction
obturator nerve (and artery)
what are the medial thigh muscles
gracilis obturator externus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus
innervation and actoins of posterior thigh muscles
collectively known as the hamstrings
extend at hip and flex at knee
sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
what are the muscles of posterior thigh
collectively known hamstrings
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
what is the femoral triangle
hollow area in anterior thigh
neurovascular structures of anterior aspect lower limb enter through it
equivalent of axilla
superior border of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
lateral border of femoral triangle
medial border of sartorius muscle
medial border of femoral triangle
medial border of adductor longus
roof (anteriorly) of femoral triangle
fascia lata
base (posteriorly) of femoral triangle
pectineus
iliopsoas muscle
adductor longus muscke
contents of femoral triangle
femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein femoral canal (contains deep lymph nodes and vessels) empty space
the femoral artery, vein and canal are contained within fascial compartment called femoral sheath
what is the femoral sheath
funnel shapped connective tissue tube which surrounds proxiimal part of femoral vessels (not nerve) and creates femoral canal medial ot them
3 compartments of femoral sheath
lateral: femoral artery
intermediate: femoral vein
medial: femoral canal
contents of femoral canal
fat + loose connective tissue
lymphatic vessels - draining into deep inguinal lymph nodes
deep lymph node - the lacunar node
empty space to allow for distension of femoral vein so it can cope w increased venous return or intra-abdominal pressure
when does external iliac artery become femoral artery
when it crossed under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle
what is femoral vein continuation of and how does it end
continuation of popliteal vein and passes proximally entering femoral triangle and becoming external iliac vein
nerve roots of femoral nerve
L2-L4
what is adductor canal
narrow conical tunnel in thigh
~15cm long extending from femoral triangle to adductor hiatus of adductor magnus
anteriomediial border of adductor canal
sartorius muscle
lateral border of adductor canal
vastus medialis muscle
posterior border of adductor canal
adductor longus and adductor magnus
contents of adductor canal
femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve
nerve roots of lumbar plexus
L1-L4
T12 contributes to plexus 50% of time
branches of lumbar plexus
iliohypogastric illioguinal genitofemoral lateral cutaneous femoral obturator
nerve roots of lateral cutaneous nerve
L2, L3
function of lateral cutaneous nerve
sensation for anterior and lateral thigh down to level of knee
no motor function
nerve roots of obturator nerve
L2, L3, L4
motor function of obturator nerve
muscles: obturator externus pectineus adductor longus adductor magnus adductor brevis gracilis
sensorry function obturator nerve
innervates skin over medial thigh
nerve roots of femoral nerve
L2, L3, L4
functions of femoral nerve
motor: iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris
sensory: skin on anterior thigh and middle leg
what is the pelvic girdle
bony ring consisting of the sacrum, R + L hip bones joined anteriorly at pubic symphysis and posteriorly by the sacroiliac joints
what does bony pelvis consist of
2 hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
what are the 4 articulations within pelvis
2x sacroiliac joints (between ilium of hip bones and sacrum) sacrococcygeal symphisis (between sacrum and coccyx) pubic symphysis (between the pubis bodies of the 2 hip bones)
greater sciatic foramen
route for structures leaving pelvis
lesser sciatic foramen
route for structures entering pelvis
how can muscles of gluteal region be broadly divided
superficial abductors and extenders
deep lateral rotators
arterial supply to muscles of gluteal region
mostly via superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of internal iliac artery)
superficial muscles of gluteal region
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata
innervation and function of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
main extensor of thigh and assists with lateral rotation
innervation and function of gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
abducts + medially lower limb. during locomotion it secures pelvis
innervation and function of gluteus minimus
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates lower limb. secures pelvis
innervation and function of tensor fascia lata
superior glutal nerve
assists gluteal medius and minumis in abductio and medial rotation of lower limb
what are the deep muscles of gluteal region
piriformis
obturator internus
the gemelli (sup + inf )
quadratus femoris
innervation and function of piriformis muscle
nerve to piriformis
lateral rotation and abduction
innervation and function of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
lateral rotation and abduction
innervation and function of the gemelli
lateral rotation and abduction
superior: nerve to obturator internus
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris
innervation and function of quadratus femoris
lateral rotation
nerve to quadratus femoris
where is sacral plexus and what does it do
surface of posterior pelvic wall, anterior to piriformis muslce
network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and muscles of the pekvis and lower limb
branches of sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve posterior femoral cutaneous nerve pudendal nerve
also,
nerve to piriformis
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
what nerve roots form sacral plexus
S1, S2, S3 and S4
also receives contributions from L4 and L5
what are the 2 destinations for branches of sacral plexus
leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, enter gluteal region and supply structures there
remain and pelvis and supply pelvic muscles, organs and perineum
roots and function of superior gluteal nerve
L4, L5, S1
motor: gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata
sensory: none
roots and function of inferior gluteal nerve
L5, S1, S2
motor: gluteus maximus
sensory: none
roots of sciatic nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
what happens when sciatic nerve reaches apex of popliteal fossa
bifurcates into tibial and common fibular nerves
roots and function of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
S1, S2, S3
motor: none
Sensory: innervates skin on posterior surface of thigh and leg. also skin of perinuem
roots and function of pudendal nerve
S2, S3, S4
motor: skeletal muscles in perineum, external urethral sphincter, levator ani
sensory: penis, clitoris, most of skin of perineum
ant. thigh: iliopsoas attachments
psoas major: lumbar vertebrae
iliacus: iliac fossa
insert together onto lesser trochanter femur
ant thigh: iliopsoas innervation
psoas major: anterior rami L1-L3
ilacus: femoral nerve
ant thigh: vastus lateralis attachments
originate greater trochanter femur and lateral lip linea aspera
quadricep tendon
ant thigh: vastus intermedius attachments
anterior and lateral surfaces femoral shaft
quadricep tendon
ant thigh: vastus medialis attachments
intertrochanteric line and medial lip linea aspera
quadricep tendon
ant thigh: rectus femoris attachments
anterior inferior iliac spine and area ilium superior to acetabulum
quadricep tendon
rectus femoris actions
flex hip and extend knee
ant thigh: sartorius muscle attachments
originates anterior superior iliac spine
attaches superior, medial surface tibia
sartorius muscle actions
hip: flex, abduct, lateral rotation
knee: flex
ant thigh: pectineus attachments
pectineal line anterior surface pelvis
pectineal line on posterior side femur
pectineus muscle action and innervation
adduct and flex hip
femoral nerve and may receive branch from obturator nerve
adductor magnus attachments
adductor par: inferior rami of pubis and rami of ischium to linea aspera of femur
hamstring part: ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line femur
motor functions sciatic nerve
tibial: posterior thigh muscles, hamstring component adductor magnus, posterior leg muscles, muscles of sole of foot
common fibular: short head biceps femoris, ant + lat muscles leg, extensor digitorum brevis
sensory functions sciatic nerve
tibial: posterolateral leg and sole foot
common fibular: lateral leg and dorsum of foot
