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forearm (incl elbow) Flashcards

1
Q

what is antecubital fossa

A

trianglular depression or hollow lying infront elbow

area of transition between anatomical arm and forearm

conduit for passage of major neurovascular strcutures from arm down to forearm + hand

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2
Q

lateral border antecubital fossa

A

medial border of brachioradialis muscle

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3
Q

medial border antecubital fossa

A

lateral border of pronator teres muscle

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4
Q

superior border antecubital fossa

A

hypothetical line between epicondyles of humerus

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5
Q

roof of antecubital fossa

A

skin and fascia, reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

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6
Q

floor of antecubital fossa

A

proximally brachialis and distally supinator muscle

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7
Q

what runs within roof of antecubital fossa

A

median cubital vein

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8
Q

contents of antecubitla fossa

A

biceps tendon
brachial artery - bifurcates at apex
median nerve

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9
Q

what type of joint is elbow joint

A

synovial hinge joint

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10
Q

what are the ligaments of elbow joint

A

ulnar collateral ligament (holds ulnar in place)

radial collateral ligament (holds head of radius in place)

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11
Q

where in elbow joint capsule is loose

A

anterior and posterior aspects to allow for movement

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12
Q

what type of joints are they (proximal and distal) radio-ulnar joints

A

pivot synovial joints - allowing supination and pronation of arm

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13
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

near elbow

articulation between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

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14
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

located near wrist

articulation between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar head

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15
Q

what muscles cause supination at radioulnar joint

A

supinator

biceps brachii

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16
Q

what muscles cause pronation at radioulnar joint

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres

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17
Q

what ligament supports proximal radioulnar joint by keeping head of radius in place

A

anular ligament

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18
Q

superficial compartment of muscles in anterior forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
pronator teres

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19
Q

where do all muscles in superficial compartment anterior forearm originate

A

common tendon which arises from medial epicondyle humerus

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20
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

flexion and adduction at wrist

ulnar nerve

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21
Q

nerve supply and action of palmaris longus muscle

A

flexion at wrist

median nerve

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22
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexion and abduction wrist

median nerve

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23
Q

nerve supply and action of pronator teres

A

pronation of forearm (+ flex elbow)

median nerve

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24
Q

what muscle makes up intermediate compartment anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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25
which artery and nerve pass between the 2 heads of flexor digitiorum superficlialis
median nerve and ulnar artery
26
attachments of FDS
2 heads: one originates from medial epicondyle humerus and the other from radius muscle splits into 4 tendons at wrist which travel through carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalanges of the 4 fingers
27
actions of FDS
flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers flexes wrist
28
muscles of deep compartment anterior forearm
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
29
nerve supply and action of flexor digitorum profundus
flex distal interphalangeal joints of fingers, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints, flex wrist medial half (acting on little and ring fingers) innervated by ulnar n and lateral half median nerve
30
nerve supply and action of flexor pollicis longus
flex interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint thumb median nerve
31
nerve supply and action of pronator quadratus
pronates forearm median nerve
32
median nerve pathway in forearm
enters forearm medial to brachial artery. heads under pronator teres and passes down forearm between FDS and FDP enters carpal tunnel
33
ulnar nerve pathway in forearm
enters forearm by passing between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle lies medial to ulnar artery at level of wrist
34
what artery form s deep palmar arch
radial artery
35
what artery forms superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery
36
what nerve innervates all muscles in posterior compartment forearm
radial nerve all commonly knwn as extensor muscles
37
what does brachioradialis muscle do
paradoxical muscle - origin and innervation characteristic of extensor muscle but it is a flexor flexes elbow
38
what muscles in posterior forearm extend and abduct/adduct hand at wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris
39
what muscles in posterior forearm extend medial 4 digits
extensor digitorum extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi
40
what muscles in posterior compartment forearm extend or abduct thumb
abductor pollicis longus | extensor pollicis brevis
41
radial nerve in posterior forearm gives off branches...
deep branch (posterior interosseous nerve), main motor nerve of extensors superficial branch is sensory, dorsum of hand
42
what is the carpal tunnel and what 2 layers is it formed from
narrow passageway found on anterior portion of wrist serves as entrance to palm for several tendons and median nerve 2 layers: deep carpal arch and superficial flexor retinaculum
43
what is carpal arch
concave on palmar side, forming base and side of carpal tunnel formed laterally by scaphoid and trapezium tubercles formed medially by hook of the hamate and the pisiform
44
what is flexor retinaculum
thick connective tissue which forms roof of carpal tunnel | originates on lateral side and inserts on medial side
45
contents of carpal tunnel
tendon of flexor pollicis longus 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis median nerve
46
intrinsic mucles of hand
``` thenar compartment hypothenar compartment lumbricals and long flexor tendons adductor compartment interosseous compartment ``` responsible for fine motor functions of hand
47
thenar muscels
responsible for fine movements of thumb, all innervated by median nerve opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis
48
hypothenar muscles
all innervated by ulnar nerve opponens digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis
49
innervation of lumbricals and what they do
they flex at MCP joint and extend at interphalangeal joints ``` lateral 2 (index and middle) median nerve medial 2 ulnar nerve ```
50
innervation of lumbricals and what they do
they flex at MCP joint and extend at interphalangeal joints ``` lateral 2 (index and middle) median nerve medial 2 ulnar nerve ```
51
interossei muscles action and innervation
DAB: dorsal interossei abduct fingers PAD: palmar interossei adduct fingers ulnar nerve 4 dorsal and 3 palmar
52
wrist joint
aka radiocarpal joint | condyloid synovial joint, marking area of transition between forearm and hanf
53
what is wrist joint formed by
proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform) - scaphoid and lunate proximally: distal end of radius and articular disk
54
flexion of wrist joint
contraction of muscles in anterior compartment
55
extension of wrist joint
contraction of muscles in posterior compartment
56
adduction (ulnar deviation) of wrist joint
extensor carpi ulnaris | flexor carpi ulnaris
57
abduction (radial deviation) wrist joint
flexor carpi radialis abductor pollicis longus extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
58
proximal row of carpal bones
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform (sesamoid bone)
59
distal row of carpal bones
trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
60
anatomical snuff box ulnar (medial) border
tendon of extensor pollicis longus
61
anatomical snuff box radial (lateral) border
tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
62
anatomical snuff box proximal border
styloid process of radius
63
anatomical snuff box floor
carpal bones: scaphoid and trapezium
64
anatomical snuff box rood
skin
65
contents of anatomical snuff box
radial artery superficial branch radial nerve cephalic vein
66
articulations of elbow joint
trochlear notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus head of radius with capitulum of humerus
67
arterial supply to elbow joint
cubital anastomosis which includes recurrent and collateral branches from brachial + deep brachial arteries
68
nerve supply to elbow joint
median, musculocutaneous and radial nerves anteriorly ulnar nerve posteriorly
69
what muscle causes extention of elbow joint
triceps brachii
70
which muscles cause flexion of elbow joint
brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

MSK Anatomy (12 decks)

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