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MSK Anatomy > forearm (incl elbow) > Flashcards

forearm (incl elbow) Flashcards

1
Q

what is antecubital fossa

A

trianglular depression or hollow lying infront elbow

area of transition between anatomical arm and forearm

conduit for passage of major neurovascular strcutures from arm down to forearm + hand

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2
Q

lateral border antecubital fossa

A

medial border of brachioradialis muscle

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3
Q

medial border antecubital fossa

A

lateral border of pronator teres muscle

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4
Q

superior border antecubital fossa

A

hypothetical line between epicondyles of humerus

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5
Q

roof of antecubital fossa

A

skin and fascia, reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

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6
Q

floor of antecubital fossa

A

proximally brachialis and distally supinator muscle

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7
Q

what runs within roof of antecubital fossa

A

median cubital vein

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8
Q

contents of antecubitla fossa

A

biceps tendon
brachial artery - bifurcates at apex
median nerve

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9
Q

what type of joint is elbow joint

A

synovial hinge joint

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10
Q

what are the ligaments of elbow joint

A

ulnar collateral ligament (holds ulnar in place)

radial collateral ligament (holds head of radius in place)

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11
Q

where in elbow joint capsule is loose

A

anterior and posterior aspects to allow for movement

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12
Q

what type of joints are they (proximal and distal) radio-ulnar joints

A

pivot synovial joints - allowing supination and pronation of arm

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13
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

near elbow

articulation between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

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14
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

located near wrist

articulation between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar head

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15
Q

what muscles cause supination at radioulnar joint

A

supinator

biceps brachii

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16
Q

what muscles cause pronation at radioulnar joint

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres

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17
Q

what ligament supports proximal radioulnar joint by keeping head of radius in place

A

anular ligament

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18
Q

superficial compartment of muscles in anterior forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
pronator teres

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19
Q

where do all muscles in superficial compartment anterior forearm originate

A

common tendon which arises from medial epicondyle humerus

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20
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

flexion and adduction at wrist

ulnar nerve

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21
Q

nerve supply and action of palmaris longus muscle

A

flexion at wrist

median nerve

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22
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexion and abduction wrist

median nerve

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23
Q

nerve supply and action of pronator teres

A

pronation of forearm (+ flex elbow)

median nerve

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24
Q

what muscle makes up intermediate compartment anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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25
Q

which artery and nerve pass between the 2 heads of flexor digitiorum superficlialis

A

median nerve and ulnar artery

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26
Q

attachments of FDS

A

2 heads: one originates from medial epicondyle humerus and the other from radius

muscle splits into 4 tendons at wrist which travel through carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalanges of the 4 fingers

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27
Q

actions of FDS

A

flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers

flexes wrist

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28
Q

muscles of deep compartment anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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29
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flex distal interphalangeal joints of fingers, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints, flex wrist

medial half (acting on little and ring fingers) innervated by ulnar n and lateral half median nerve

30
Q

nerve supply and action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flex interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint thumb

median nerve

31
Q

nerve supply and action of pronator quadratus

A

pronates forearm

median nerve

32
Q

median nerve pathway in forearm

A

enters forearm medial to brachial artery. heads under pronator teres and passes down forearm between FDS and FDP
enters carpal tunnel

33
Q

ulnar nerve pathway in forearm

A

enters forearm by passing between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

lies medial to ulnar artery at level of wrist

34
Q

what artery form s deep palmar arch

A

radial artery

35
Q

what artery forms superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar artery

36
Q

what nerve innervates all muscles in posterior compartment forearm

A

radial nerve

all commonly knwn as extensor muscles

37
Q

what does brachioradialis muscle do

A

paradoxical muscle - origin and innervation characteristic of extensor muscle but it is a flexor

flexes elbow

38
Q

what muscles in posterior forearm extend and abduct/adduct hand at wrist

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

39
Q

what muscles in posterior forearm extend medial 4 digits

A

extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digiti minimi

40
Q

what muscles in posterior compartment forearm extend or abduct thumb

A

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

41
Q

radial nerve in posterior forearm gives off branches…

A

deep branch (posterior interosseous nerve), main motor nerve of extensors

superficial branch is sensory, dorsum of hand

42
Q

what is the carpal tunnel and what 2 layers is it formed from

A

narrow passageway found on anterior portion of wrist
serves as entrance to palm for several tendons and median nerve

2 layers: deep carpal arch and superficial flexor retinaculum

43
Q

what is carpal arch

A

concave on palmar side, forming base and side of carpal tunnel
formed laterally by scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
formed medially by hook of the hamate and the pisiform

44
Q

what is flexor retinaculum

A

thick connective tissue which forms roof of carpal tunnel

originates on lateral side and inserts on medial side

45
Q

contents of carpal tunnel

A

tendon of flexor pollicis longus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve

46
Q

intrinsic mucles of hand

A 
thenar compartment 
hypothenar compartment 
lumbricals and long flexor tendons 
adductor compartment 
interosseous compartment

responsible for fine motor functions of hand

47
Q

thenar muscels

A

responsible for fine movements of thumb, all innervated by median nerve

opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

48
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

all innervated by ulnar nerve

opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis

49
Q

innervation of lumbricals and what they do

A

they flex at MCP joint and extend at interphalangeal joints

lateral 2 (index and middle) median nerve 
medial 2 ulnar nerve
50
Q

innervation of lumbricals and what they do

A

they flex at MCP joint and extend at interphalangeal joints

lateral 2 (index and middle) median nerve 
medial 2 ulnar nerve
51
Q

interossei muscles action and innervation

A

DAB: dorsal interossei abduct fingers
PAD: palmar interossei adduct fingers

ulnar nerve

4 dorsal and 3 palmar

52
Q

wrist joint

A

aka radiocarpal joint

condyloid synovial joint, marking area of transition between forearm and hanf

53
Q

what is wrist joint formed by

A

proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform) - scaphoid and lunate

proximally: distal end of radius and articular disk

54
Q

flexion of wrist joint

A

contraction of muscles in anterior compartment

55
Q

extension of wrist joint

A

contraction of muscles in posterior compartment

56
Q

adduction (ulnar deviation) of wrist joint

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi ulnaris

57
Q

abduction (radial deviation) wrist joint

A

flexor carpi radialis
abductor pollicis longus
extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis

58
Q

proximal row of carpal bones

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform (sesamoid bone)

59
Q

distal row of carpal bones

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

60
Q

anatomical snuff box ulnar (medial) border

A

tendon of extensor pollicis longus

61
Q

anatomical snuff box radial (lateral) border

A

tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

62
Q

anatomical snuff box proximal border

A

styloid process of radius

63
Q

anatomical snuff box floor

A

carpal bones: scaphoid and trapezium

64
Q

anatomical snuff box rood

A

skin

65
Q

contents of anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery
superficial branch radial nerve
cephalic vein

66
Q

articulations of elbow joint

A

trochlear notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus

head of radius with capitulum of humerus

67
Q

arterial supply to elbow joint

A

cubital anastomosis which includes recurrent and collateral branches from brachial + deep brachial arteries

68
Q

nerve supply to elbow joint

A

median, musculocutaneous and radial nerves anteriorly

ulnar nerve posteriorly

69
Q

what muscle causes extention of elbow joint

A

triceps brachii

70
Q

which muscles cause flexion of elbow joint

A

brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

MSK Anatomy (12 decks)

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