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Anatomy I- Erin > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • flexor of the thigh
  • iliacus: femoral nerve
  • psoas major: L1-L3 ventral rami
  • psoas minor: L1-L2
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2
Q

Sartorius

A
  • longest muscle
  • most superficial anterior muscle
  • innervation: femoral nerve
  • function: flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh, flex leg
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3
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

-common insertion for three muscles innervated by three separate nerves
+sartorius tendon
+gracilis
+semitendiosus

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4
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Innervation: femoral nerve

functions: vasti extend leg, rectus extends leg and flexes thigh, chief extensors of the leg, rectus femoris also assists in flexion of the thigh

  • tendons of all 4 parts unite to form quadriceps tendon
  • continues inferiorly as ligamentum patella
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5
Q

What four muscles compose the quadriceps femoris?

A
  • vastus lateralis
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
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6
Q

What are the 5 medial thigh adductors?

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • gracilis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
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7
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of PECTINEUS

A

origin: pecten line of pubis
insertion: pectineal line of femur
innervation: femoral nerve and occasionally obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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8
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and function of ADDUCTOR LONGUS

A

origin: body of pubis
insertion: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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9
Q

What is the only adductor to cross the knee joint?

A

gracilis

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10
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of GRACILIS

A

origin: pubis body and inferior ramus
insertion: superior part of the medial surface of tibia
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

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11
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of ADDUCTOR BREVIS

A

origin: pubis body and inferior ramus
insertion: proximal linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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12
Q

Where is the groin and what is a groin pull?

A
  • groin: junction between trunk and thigh

- strain, stretching, and probably some tearing of the proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles

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13
Q

What is the largest adductor muscle?

A

-adductor magnus

  • sup. lies deep to adductor brevis
  • consists of two parts based on attachments, innervation, and actions
    1. adductor portion
    2. hamstring portion
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14
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of hamstring and adductor portions of ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

A

origin:

  • hamstring: ischial tuberosity
  • adductor: ischiopubic ramus

insertion:

  • hamstring: adductor tubercle
  • adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

innervation:

  • hamstring: tibial division of sciatic
  • adductor: obturator nerve

actions:

  • hamstring: adducts and extends thigh
  • adductor: adducts and flexes thigh
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15
Q

Where is the femoral triangle? What are the boundaries?

A

-superomedial 1/3 thigh
-boundaries
+borders: inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus
+floor: pectineus and ilopsoas muscles
+roof: fascia lata

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16
Q

What is in the femoral triangle?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • femoral canal with deep inguinal lymph nodes
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17
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

-funnel shaped fascial tube -> inferior prolongation of transversalis fascia
-encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and femoral canal -> allows femoral vessels to glide smoothly deep to inguinal ligament during hip joint movements
-ends 4-10cm distal to inguinal ligament
-two vertical septa divide the femoral sheath into three compartments
1. lateral (femoral artery)
2. intermediate (femoral vein)
3. medial or femoral canal
-short, conical medial compartment of femoral sheath
+few lymph vessels,,, loose CT, and fat
+allows femoral vein to expand during increased venous return
-extends distally to saphenous opening

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18
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

-small opening covered by parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

-the femoral ring is a weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of SI can protrude into the femoral canal

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20
Q

What is not contained in the femoral fascia?

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

Where are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

A
  • proximal:
  • 1cm inferior to inguinal ligament
  • distal:
  • along each side of great saphenous vein

-both groups pass deep to inguinal ligament and drain into external iliac lymph nodes

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22
Q

Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes?

A
  • 1-3 nodes along medial side of femoral vein
  • inside femoral canal of femoral sheath
  • drain into external iliac lymph nodes
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23
Q

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A
  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • quadriceps femoris
  • pectineus
24
Q

Anterior hip dislocation may affect __________ nerve and ________ __________ nerve.

A
  • femoral

- femoral cutaneous

25
What is meralgia parestherica?
-compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament causing pain along the lateral thigh
26
Saphenous nerve
-cutaneous branch that accompanies femoral vessels -becomes superficial between sartorius adn gracilis -passes antero-inferiorly with great saphenous vein -supplies skin of: +ant. and medial knee and leg +medial foot
27
Adductor canal
- intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel - femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa - begins at femoral triangle - ends at adductor hiatus
28
Adductor hiatus
- opening in tendon of adductor magnus | - femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa via this archway
29
Femoral artery
-chief arterial supply to lower limb -entry into femoral triangle: +deep to midpoint of inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein -course: +descends on iliopsoas, pectineus, adn adductor longus, bisects apex deep to sartorius -inferiorly in thigh, gives rise to descending genicular artery +arteicular branch +saphenous branch
30
Primary blood supply to thigh?
deep femoral artery
31
What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?
- profunda femoris artery | - chief artery to thigh
32
What artery s the main supply to the femoral head and neck?
-medial circumflex femoral artery
33
What does the lateral circumflex femoral artery feed?
-supplies lateral thigh muscles and femur head
34
What are the three branches of the lateral circumflex artery?
- ascending - descending - transverse
35
Why is the great saphenous vein important?
- can be used to administer blood, electrolytes, drugs, etc - utilized for coronary bypass surgery - incision to medial malleolus - saphenous cutdown patients may complain of pain along the medial border of foot
36
What is Hilton's law?
-a joint is innervated by the very same nerves that supply the muscles that move the joint and supply the skin over the joint
37
What is the primary drainer of the superficial tissues of the leg?
great saphenous
38
Muscles of anterior thigh
- iliopsoas - sartorius - quadriceps femoris - tensor fascia lata
39
What is the common proximal attachment for posterior thigh muscles?
-ischial tuberosity, except for short head of biceps femoris
40
Common innervation of posterior thigh muscles?
-tibial division of sciatic nerve, except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular)
41
Common functions of posterior thigh muscles?
- thigh extension, except for short head of biceps femoris | - leg flexion
42
Semitendinosis
- function: extend thigh, flex leg | innervation: tibial division
43
What muscles are in the pes anserinus?
- gracilis - semitendinosus - sartorius
44
Semimembranosus
function: extend thigh, flex leg innveration: tibial division -distal tendon divides into 2 parts: +medial tibial condyle +part blends with popliteal fascia and becomes oblique popliteal ligament
45
Biceps femoris
LONG HEAD actions: flex leg, extend thigh innervation: tibial division SHORT HEAD actions: only flexes leg innervation: common fibular branch
46
Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)
-doesn't cross knee joint, only acts at hip function: extend thigh innervation: tibial division
47
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
superiomedially: semitendinosus and semimembranosus superlaterally: biceps femoris inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius
48
What is in the politeal fossa?
superficial to deep: - nerves - popliteal vein, lymph nodes and branches - popliteal artery and branches
49
Describe the popliteal artery
- deepest structure in popliteal fossa - continuation of femoral artery -> becomes popliteal artery after passing through the adductor hiatus - runs close to knee joint capsule -> gives rise to genicular branches
50
Genicular branches
-forms genicular anastomosis +important collateral circulation bypasssing popliteal artery 1) knee flexed too long 2) narrowed or occluded popliteal vessels -supplies articular capsule and ligaments of knee joint
51
How does the popliteal artery end?
-divides into the anterior and posterior tibial artery
52
Popliteal vein
- formed by union of anterior and posterior tibial veins, usually near inferior border of popliteur muscle - lies superficial and is in same sheath as popliteal artery - becomes femoral vein after traversing adductor hiatus
53
What does the small saphenous vein terminate into?
-popliteal vein
54
What are the nerves in the popliteal fossa?
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
55
How is the tibial nerve distributed?
- superficial adn deep posterior leg muscles | - knee joint
56
Common fibular nerve
- peroneal - leaves popliteal fossa by passing superficial to lateral head of gastrocnemius - winds around head and neck of fibula (susceptible to injury) - deep to fibularis longus AND TERMINATES INTO: 1) deep fibular nerve 2) superficial fibular nerve

Anatomy I- Erin (11 decks)

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