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Anatomy I- Erin > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • flexor of the thigh
  • iliacus: femoral nerve
  • psoas major: L1-L3 ventral rami
  • psoas minor: L1-L2
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2
Q

Sartorius

A
  • longest muscle
  • most superficial anterior muscle
  • innervation: femoral nerve
  • function: flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh, flex leg
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3
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

-common insertion for three muscles innervated by three separate nerves
+sartorius tendon
+gracilis
+semitendiosus

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4
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Innervation: femoral nerve

functions: vasti extend leg, rectus extends leg and flexes thigh, chief extensors of the leg, rectus femoris also assists in flexion of the thigh

  • tendons of all 4 parts unite to form quadriceps tendon
  • continues inferiorly as ligamentum patella
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5
Q

What four muscles compose the quadriceps femoris?

A
  • vastus lateralis
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
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6
Q

What are the 5 medial thigh adductors?

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • gracilis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
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7
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of PECTINEUS

A

origin: pecten line of pubis
insertion: pectineal line of femur
innervation: femoral nerve and occasionally obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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8
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and function of ADDUCTOR LONGUS

A

origin: body of pubis
insertion: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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9
Q

What is the only adductor to cross the knee joint?

A

gracilis

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10
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of GRACILIS

A

origin: pubis body and inferior ramus
insertion: superior part of the medial surface of tibia
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

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11
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and functions of ADDUCTOR BREVIS

A

origin: pubis body and inferior ramus
insertion: proximal linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
functions: adducts and flexes thigh

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12
Q

Where is the groin and what is a groin pull?

A
  • groin: junction between trunk and thigh

- strain, stretching, and probably some tearing of the proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles

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13
Q

What is the largest adductor muscle?

A

-adductor magnus

  • sup. lies deep to adductor brevis
  • consists of two parts based on attachments, innervation, and actions
    1. adductor portion
    2. hamstring portion
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14
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of hamstring and adductor portions of ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

A

origin:

  • hamstring: ischial tuberosity
  • adductor: ischiopubic ramus

insertion:

  • hamstring: adductor tubercle
  • adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

innervation:

  • hamstring: tibial division of sciatic
  • adductor: obturator nerve

actions:

  • hamstring: adducts and extends thigh
  • adductor: adducts and flexes thigh
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15
Q

Where is the femoral triangle? What are the boundaries?

A

-superomedial 1/3 thigh
-boundaries
+borders: inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus
+floor: pectineus and ilopsoas muscles
+roof: fascia lata

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16
Q

What is in the femoral triangle?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • femoral canal with deep inguinal lymph nodes
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17
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

-funnel shaped fascial tube -> inferior prolongation of transversalis fascia
-encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and femoral canal -> allows femoral vessels to glide smoothly deep to inguinal ligament during hip joint movements
-ends 4-10cm distal to inguinal ligament
-two vertical septa divide the femoral sheath into three compartments
1. lateral (femoral artery)
2. intermediate (femoral vein)
3. medial or femoral canal
-short, conical medial compartment of femoral sheath
+few lymph vessels,,, loose CT, and fat
+allows femoral vein to expand during increased venous return
-extends distally to saphenous opening

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18
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

-small opening covered by parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

-the femoral ring is a weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of SI can protrude into the femoral canal

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20
Q

What is not contained in the femoral fascia?

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

Where are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

A
  • proximal:
  • 1cm inferior to inguinal ligament
  • distal:
  • along each side of great saphenous vein

-both groups pass deep to inguinal ligament and drain into external iliac lymph nodes

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22
Q

Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes?

A
  • 1-3 nodes along medial side of femoral vein
  • inside femoral canal of femoral sheath
  • drain into external iliac lymph nodes
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23
Q

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A
  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • quadriceps femoris
  • pectineus
24
Q

Anterior hip dislocation may affect __________ nerve and ________ __________ nerve.

A
  • femoral

- femoral cutaneous

25
Q

What is meralgia parestherica?

A

-compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament causing pain along the lateral thigh

26
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

-cutaneous branch that accompanies femoral vessels
-becomes superficial between sartorius adn gracilis
-passes antero-inferiorly with great saphenous vein
-supplies skin of:
+ant. and medial knee and leg
+medial foot

27
Q

Adductor canal

A
  • intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel
  • femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa
  • begins at femoral triangle
  • ends at adductor hiatus
28
Q

Adductor hiatus

A
  • opening in tendon of adductor magnus

- femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa via this archway

29
Q

Femoral artery

A

-chief arterial supply to lower limb
-entry into femoral triangle:
+deep to midpoint of inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein
-course:
+descends on iliopsoas, pectineus, adn adductor longus, bisects apex deep to sartorius
-inferiorly in thigh, gives rise to descending genicular artery
+arteicular branch
+saphenous branch

30
Q

Primary blood supply to thigh?

A

deep femoral artery

31
Q

What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

A
  • profunda femoris artery

- chief artery to thigh

32
Q

What artery s the main supply to the femoral head and neck?

A

-medial circumflex femoral artery

33
Q

What does the lateral circumflex femoral artery feed?

A

-supplies lateral thigh muscles and femur head

34
Q

What are the three branches of the lateral circumflex artery?

A
  • ascending
  • descending
  • transverse
35
Q

Why is the great saphenous vein important?

A
  • can be used to administer blood, electrolytes, drugs, etc
  • utilized for coronary bypass surgery
  • incision to medial malleolus
  • saphenous cutdown patients may complain of pain along the medial border of foot
36
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

-a joint is innervated by the very same nerves that supply the muscles that move the joint and supply the skin over the joint

37
Q

What is the primary drainer of the superficial tissues of the leg?

A

great saphenous

38
Q

Muscles of anterior thigh

A
  • iliopsoas
  • sartorius
  • quadriceps femoris
  • tensor fascia lata
39
Q

What is the common proximal attachment for posterior thigh muscles?

A

-ischial tuberosity, except for short head of biceps femoris

40
Q

Common innervation of posterior thigh muscles?

A

-tibial division of sciatic nerve, except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular)

41
Q

Common functions of posterior thigh muscles?

A
  • thigh extension, except for short head of biceps femoris

- leg flexion

42
Q

Semitendinosis

A
  • function: extend thigh, flex leg

innervation: tibial division

43
Q

What muscles are in the pes anserinus?

A
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosus
  • sartorius
44
Q

Semimembranosus

A

function: extend thigh, flex leg
innveration: tibial division

-distal tendon divides into 2 parts:
+medial tibial condyle
+part blends with popliteal fascia and becomes oblique popliteal ligament

45
Q

Biceps femoris

A

LONG HEAD

actions: flex leg, extend thigh
innervation: tibial division

SHORT HEAD

actions: only flexes leg
innervation: common fibular branch

46
Q

Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)

A

-doesn’t cross knee joint, only acts at hip

function: extend thigh
innervation: tibial division

47
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

superiomedially: semitendinosus and semimembranosus
superlaterally: biceps femoris
inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius
inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius

48
Q

What is in the politeal fossa?

A

superficial to deep:

  • nerves
  • popliteal vein, lymph nodes and branches
  • popliteal artery and branches
49
Q

Describe the popliteal artery

A
  • deepest structure in popliteal fossa
  • continuation of femoral artery -> becomes popliteal artery after passing through the adductor hiatus
  • runs close to knee joint capsule -> gives rise to genicular branches
50
Q

Genicular branches

A

-forms genicular anastomosis
+important collateral circulation bypasssing popliteal artery
1) knee flexed too long
2) narrowed or occluded popliteal vessels

-supplies articular capsule and ligaments of knee joint

51
Q

How does the popliteal artery end?

A

-divides into the anterior and posterior tibial artery

52
Q

Popliteal vein

A
  • formed by union of anterior and posterior tibial veins, usually near inferior border of popliteur muscle
  • lies superficial and is in same sheath as popliteal artery
  • becomes femoral vein after traversing adductor hiatus
53
Q

What does the small saphenous vein terminate into?

A

-popliteal vein

54
Q

What are the nerves in the popliteal fossa?

A

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

55
Q

How is the tibial nerve distributed?

A
  • superficial adn deep posterior leg muscles

- knee joint

56
Q

Common fibular nerve

A
  • peroneal
  • leaves popliteal fossa by passing superficial to lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • winds around head and neck of fibula (susceptible to injury)
  • deep to fibularis longus AND TERMINATES INTO:
    1) deep fibular nerve
    2) superficial fibular nerve

Anatomy I- Erin (11 decks)

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