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Anatomy I- Erin > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial hypaxial muscles responsible for? Innervation?

A

-move the upper limb and pectoral girdle, innervated by branches of brachial plexus

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2
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial hypaxial muscles?

A

Layer 1:

  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi

Layer 2:

  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
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3
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of TRAPEZIUS

A

origin: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
insertion: lateral third of anterior clavicle and spine of scapula
actions: elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula, rotates glenoid fossa superiorly
innervation: motor -> accessory, sensory -> ventral rami C3 and C4

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4
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of LATISSMUS DORSI

A

origin: spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 ribs
insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
actions: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, raises torso towards arms during climb
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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5
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of RHOMBOID MAJOR and MINOR

A

origin:

  • major: spinous processes of T2-T5
  • minor: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1

insertion:

  • major: medial border of scapula
  • minor: medial end of scapular spine

actions: retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward. Fix to thoracic wall
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

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6
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of LEVATOR SCAPULAE

A

origin: post. tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
insertion: medial border of scapula, sup. part of scapular spine
actions: elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward)
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami or cervical spinal nerves, C3 and C4 motor

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7
Q

What 3 muscles move the scapula?

A
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • levator scapulae
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8
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the back? third layer

A
  1. serratus posterior superior

2. serratus posterior inferior

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9
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR

A

origin: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3
insertion: sup. border of ribs 2-4
actions: elevates ribs

Innervation: T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

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10
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR

A

origin: spinous processes of T11-L2
insertion: inf. borders of ribs 8-12
actions: depress ribs
innervation: intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (ventral rami)

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11
Q

What are the two groups of epaxial back muscles? What muscles belong in each?

A
  1. erector spinae group
    - spinalis
    - longissmus
    - iliocostalis
  2. transversospinalis group
    - rotatores
    - multifidus
    - semispinalis
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12
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of SPLENIUS

  • cervicis
  • capitis
A

origin: both arise from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T6

insertion:

  • cervicis: tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
  • capitis: lateral parts of mastoid processes and sup. nuchal lines

actions:
bilateral: extend head and neck
unilateral: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle

innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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13
Q

Actions and innervation of iliocostalis, longissimus, adn spinalis

A

actions:

bilateral: extend vertebral column and head
unilateral: laterally flex vertebral column

innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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14
Q

Origin and insertion of ILIOCOSTALIS

A

origin: broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, post. part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inf. lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

insertions:

  • lumborum: ribs 6-12
  • thoracis: ribs 1-6
  • cervicis: ribs 1-6 and post. tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6
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15
Q

Origin and insertion for LONGISSIMUS

  • thoracis
  • cervicis
  • capitis
A

thoracis

origin: same as iliocostalis
insertion: ribs and adjacent transverse processes or thoracic vertebrae

cervicis
origin and insertion: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

capitis

origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
insertion: mastoid processes

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16
Q

What portion of spinalis can be missing entirely?

A

capitis

17
Q

Origin and insertion of SPINALIS THORACIS

A

origin: spinous process
insertion: spinous process superior to origin

18
Q

What are the muscles in the deepest layer of back muscles? What are their common innervation?

A
  • semispinalis
  • rotatores
  • multifidus

innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

19
Q

Origin, insertion, and actions of SEMISPINALIS

  • thoracis
  • cervicis
  • capitis
A

cervis
-cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of second cervical vertebra

capitis

  • superficial to cervicis
  • transverse processes of 1-6 thoracic vertebare to nuchal line

thoracis
-transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region

action: extend head, thoracic and cervical regions, rotates them contrlaterally

20
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of MULTIFIDUS

A
  • cover lamina and span vertebral segments from sacrum all the way to 2nd cervical vertebrae
  • originate on transverse processes and insert on spinous processes
    action: stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column
21
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervation of ROTATORES

  • brevis
  • longus
A

brevis
-transverse process of one vertebra to base of spinous process of next vertebra (1 intervertebral joint)

longus
-transverse process of one vertebra to spinous process of 2nd vertebra above (2 intervertebral joints)

action: extend head, thoracic and cervical regions, rotates them contralaterally

22
Q

What are the segmental muscles and what are their innervations?

A
  1. interspinales -> dorsal rami
  2. intertransversari -> dorsal and ventral rami
  3. levator costarum -> dorsal rami of C8-T11
23
Q

What muscles can be found in the suboccipital triangle? innervation? action?

A

-splenius and semispinalis overlie

  1. rectus capitis post. major
  2. rectus capitis post. minor
  3. obliquus capitis superior
  4. obliquus capitis inferior
  • postural muscles and aid in extension and rotation
    innervation: suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)
24
Q

What are the nerves and vessels found in the suboccipital region?

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. suboccipital nerve (motor to all muscles)
  3. greater occipital nerve (sensory fibers only)
    - post. atlanto-occipital membrane (continuous with ligamentum flava)
25
Q

What do the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the back do?

A

extrinsic/hypaxial: move limbs and are innervated by accessory nerve or brachial plexus

intrinsic/epaxial: postural muscles, involved in proprioception and are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Anatomy I- Erin (11 decks)

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