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Anatomy I- Erin > Axilla and Pectoral Region > Flashcards

Axilla and Pectoral Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mammory glands modified from?

A

sweat glands

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2
Q

What does the breast rest on top of? What is retromammory space?

A
  • the pectoral fascia, above pectoralis major

- retromammory space is potential space between the breast and pectoral fascia

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3
Q

What is the breast innervated from?

A
  • intercostal nerves (4-6)

- some from supraclavicular nerve branches

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4
Q

How does the breast attach to the dermis?

A

suspensory ligaments (Cooper’s ligaments)

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5
Q

Where do the mammary gland lobules converge?

A

-the nipple

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6
Q

What opens at the nipple?

A

15-20 lactiferous ducts, surrounded by pigmented areola

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7
Q

What supplies blood to the breast?

A

-ant. intercostal, lateral thoracic, and internal thoracic arteries -> originate from subclavian and axillary arteries

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8
Q

What veins drain the breast?

A
  • mainly to axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins
  • some drainage to internal thoracic vein via ant. intercostal veins
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9
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the breast tissue.

A
  • nipple, areola, and lactiferous lobules -> subareolar lymph nodes
  • more than 75% of lymph from breast goes to the axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central, and apical)
  • remaining lymph goes to the parasternal and abdominal lymph nodes
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10
Q

What is polymastia or polythelia?

A

-supernumerary breasts or nipples along the mammary ridge

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11
Q

What ribs are considered true, false, and floating?

A

1-7 -> true
8-10 -> false
11-12 -> floating

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12
Q

What three things can be found in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region?

A
  • platysma
  • supraclavicular nerves
  • ant. and lateral branches of intercostal nerves
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13
Q

What is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

A
  • deltoid, pectoralis major, and middle 1/3 of clavicle make up borders
  • cephalic vein
  • deltopectoral lymph nodes
  • deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
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14
Q

What is the clavipectoral fascia?

A
  • invests subclavius and pectoralis minor
  • attaches to clavicle and ant. thoracic wall
  • cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and lateral pectoral nerves pierce it
  • becomes suspensory ligament of axilla
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15
Q

What innervates the pectoral region?

A

-ventral rami of spinal nerves via brachial plexus

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16
Q

Origin, insertion, actions, and innervations of PECTORALIS MAJOR

blood supply

A

origin: clavicular and sternocostal attachments
- ant. surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
- ant. surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages

insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

actions:
- adducts and medially rotates humerus
- draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- clavicular portion flexes humerus
- sternal portion can extend humerus while in flexed position

blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

17
Q

What are the medial and lateral pectoral nerves named for?

A

-named for the part of the brachial plexus that they come from
+medial and lateral cord

18
Q

Origin, insertion, action, blood supply, and innervation of PECTORALIS MINOR

A

origin: 3rd-5th ribs
insertion: coracoif process of scapula
actions: stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against post. thoracic wall

blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

innervation: medial pectoral nerve

19
Q

Origin, insertion, action, blood supply, and innervation of SUBCLAVIUS

A

origin: junction of 1st rib
insertion: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
action: anchors and depresses clavicle

blood supply: clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

innervation: nerve to subclavius

20
Q

Origin, insertion, action, blood supply, and innervation of SERRATUS ANTERIOR

A

origin: eternal surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9
insertion: ant. surface of medial border of scapula
actions: protracts scapula, rotates scapula, holds scapula against thorax

blood supply: lateral thoracic artery

innervation: long thoracic nerve

21
Q

What major veins contribute to the shoulder and axillary regions?

A

subclavian and axillary artery

22
Q

How many parts of the subclavian artery are there?

A

3

23
Q

What are the branches that come off of the medial part of the subclavian artery?

A
  • internal thoracic (mammary) a
  • vertebral a
  • thyrocervical arterial trunk
24
Q

What branches come off of the thyrocervical arterial trunk?

A
  1. transverse cervical a (superficial and deep branch)
  2. inferior thyroid a
  3. ascending cervical a
  4. suprascapular a
25
Q

What are the branches coming off the posterior part of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. supreme intercostal artery
  2. deep cervical artery

(costocervical arterial trunk)

26
Q

What branches come off of the lateral part of the subclavian artery?

A

-dorsal scapular artery

27
Q

When does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery?

A

lateral border of the first rib

28
Q

Which arteries can the dorsal scapular artery come from?

A
  • subclavian

- transverse cervical artery (30% of the time, then called deep branch of transverse cervical artery)

29
Q

What are the different parts of the axillary artery?

A
  1. superior thoracic artery
  2. thoracoacromial trunk
  3. subscapular artery
  4. ant. circumflex humeral
  5. post. circumflex humeral
30
Q

What are the different branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?

A
  • pectoral branch
  • deltoid branch
  • acromial branch
  • clavicular branch
31
Q

Branches of subscapular artery?

A
  • circumflex scapular

- thoracodorsal

32
Q

What are the anastomosing arterial branches the scapula?

A
  1. suprascapular artery
  2. dorsal scapular artery
  3. post. intercostal arteries
  4. circumflex scapular artery
  5. thoracodorsal artery
33
Q

What veins are responsible for draining the axilla and shoulder?

A
  1. deep brachial vein
  2. superficial veins of arm and forearm (basilic and cephalis)

-> drain into axillary vein

34
Q

What veins do you target for a blood draw?

A
  • cephalic vein

- median cubital vein

Anatomy I- Erin (11 decks)

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