THERMOTHERAPY & CRYOTHERAPY Flashcards
Amount of energy required to raise Temp of a given weight of a material by a given number of degrees
Expressed in J/gm/C
SPECIFIC HEAT
T or F
Heating modalities can increase intra-articular temperatures
TRUE
Heat loss or gain through constant direct contact between materials with different temperature
The result of energy exchange by direct collision between the molecules of two materials at different temperature
Conduction
Involves the conversion of nonthermal form of energy into a thermal form/heat
Not affected by temperature of thermal agent
Conversion
Occurs as a result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature
Convection
Examples of convection are the following except:
hydrotherapy,
ice baths,
Tens
fluidotherapy
Tens
What modalities use convection as a mode of heat transfer?
Whirlpool
Fluidotherapy
change of form from liquid to gas absorbs energy
Heat is given off when liquids transforms to gases
Evaporation
Heat transfer via conversion depends on the following factors:
Power of energy source
Size of area being treated
Size of the applicator
efficiency of transmission from applicator to the patient
With the increase in temperature, what will happen to the energy expenditure?
Energy expendiure will increase with increasing temperature
What modalities use conversion as a mode of transfer?
Ultrasound
Diathermy
Laser
IRR
UVR
Energy is absorbed in the form of heat -> What will happen to the temperature?
Energy is absorbed in the form of heat -> Decrease temperature
What modalities use evaporation as a mode of heat transfer?
Vapocoolant spray
sweat
involves the direct transfer of energy from a material with higher temperature to one with a lower temperature without any intervening medium nore need for contact
Radiation
What law states that,
Chemical activity in cells and metaboli rate will increase ttwo- to threefold for each 50F (10C) rise in temperature
Vant hoff’s LAW
T or F
skin blood flow has an important role in both nutrition and maintenance of core body temperature
TRUE
When will the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shift to the right?
shift to the right, oxygen releases from hemoglobin to tissues
All of this is the ability of Heat EXCEPT:
elevate pain thresholds
alter nerve conduction velocity
induce extreme fever
change muscle spindle firing rates
altered strength and endurance
induce extreme fever
blood vessels are controlled by ____ adrenergic nerves
blood vessels are controlled by sympathetic adrenergic nerves
A fibers —> A-Beta fibers= touch Temp = incease NCU
A delta & C fibers= Pain= decrease NCU
these are in what thoery?
Gate control theory
When a cold modality is applied, the temp of the sin and underlying tissues is?
When a cold modality is applied, the temp of the sin and underlying tissues is lowered by abstracting heat from the body
METABOLIC REACTIONS TO COLD
Decreased Metabolic Rate
Prevents or reduces inflammation and to destroy collagen in inflammatory joint
When is cooling accomplished?
Cooling is accomplished by removing or abstracting heat
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE TISSUE RESPONSE TO COLD
Temp difference between the cold objects and soft tissues
Time of exposure
Thermal conductivity of area being cooled
Type and size of cooling agent
Total body surface are cooled
Activity level
Ability o cooling agent to maintain its temperature
CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR THERMOTHERAPY
Pain Control
Increase Soft Tissue Extensibility
Accelerate Healing
P - Protection
R - Rest
I - Ice
C - Compress
E - Elevate
S - Stabilize/ Secure
note
T o F
Thermotherapy is only used when chronic if goal is to increase circulation in the area
TRUE
Why is Thrombophlebitis a contraindication in thermotherapy?
pwede ma dislodge and maging bolus
sweeling, redness on calf area
T or F
Thermotherapy is usually used when condition is acute due to edema formation
FALSE
not usually used when condition is acute due to edema formation
Adverse Effects of Heat Application
(detrimental ☠️)
Burns
Fainting (syncope)
Bleeding
Skin and Eye Damage from IRR
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THERMOTHERAPY
Recent or Potential Hemorrhage
Thrombophlebitis
Impaired Sensation
Impaired Mentation
Malignant Tumors
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF COLD APPLICATION
Tissue death caused by prolonged vasoconstriction, ischemia and thrombosis
Bleeding
Skin and Eye damage from IRR
Temporary or permanent nerve damage
PRECAUTIONS FOR THERMOTHERAPY
Acute injury or inflammation
Pregnancy
Impaired circulation
Poor thermoregulation
Edema
Cardiac Insufficiency
Metal in the area
Over an open wound
Over areas where topical; counter-irritants have been recently used
Demyelinated AArea
