Finals: Electrodiagnosis and Electromyography Flashcards

1
Q

Study of electrical activity in motor units when stimulated by electrical pulse, providing diagnosis and prognosis in the neuromuscular complex.

A

Electrodiagnosis

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2
Q

Assessment Tools in Electrodiagnosis

A

Includes EMG (Electromyography), ECG (Electrocardiography), and EEG (Electroencephalography).

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2
Q

Includes anterior horn cell body and axon, neuromuscular junction, muscle cells, sensory neurons, and Schwann cells.

A

Motor Unit Components

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2
Q

Physiological Basis of Electrodiagnosis - Nerve Fiber Stimulation

A

Requires stimulation higher than the threshold of excitation (-70 mV).

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2
Q

History of Electrodiagnosis - Erb’s Observations

A

Negative response to faradic shocks.
Positive response to galvanic currents with long duration in muscles deprived of their supply

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3
Q

Accommodation in Denervated Muscles

A

Denervated muscles lack the power of accommodation to slowly increasing stimulation intensities, respond only to interrupted DC with brisk contraction.

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4
Q

Physiological Basis of Electrodiagnosis - Muscle Fiber Stimulation

A

Requires stimulation higher than the threshold of excitation (-90 mV) to induce muscle contraction.

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5
Q

A short-lasting event where the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, crucial for cell-to-cell communication.

A

Action Potential

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6
Q

Levels of RD and their implication

A

Partial Reaction of Degeneration (PRD) - Decreased response to tetanizing current.
Complete Reaction of Degeneration (CRD) - No contraction, brisk muscle twitch only.
Absolute Reaction of Degeneration (ARD) - No contraction with any stimulus.

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7
Q

Indicates the status of muscle innervation:

A

Reaction of Degeneration (RD)

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7
Q

Indicates long-standing denervation with atrophy and fibrosis, showing no response to both interrupted current and rapid sinusoidal current.

A

Absolute Reaction of Degeneration (ARD)

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8
Q

Indicates neurotmesis with no response to tetanizing current but positive response to interrupted direct current (IDC), resulting in brisk contraction or muscle twitch.

A

Complete Reaction of Degeneration (CRD)

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9
Q

Indicates partial lesion of the motor unit (neuropraxia) with decreased response to tetanizing current.

A

Partial Reaction of Degeneration (PRD)

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10
Q

Involves observing muscle contractions and assessing nerve continuity or lack thereof through evoked potentials.

A

Nerve and Muscle Potentials Assessment

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11
Q

Currents for Testing Reaction of Degeneration

A

Interrupted current or rapid sinusoidal current using a bipolar technique.

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11
Q

In direct current (DC), striated muscle does not contract; muscle contraction occurs only during the opening and closing of the circuit.

A

Law of Du Bois - Raymond

12
Q

Uses the least current to produce a positive muscle contraction, making it the best method for muscle stimulation.

A

Cathode Closed Contraction (CCC)

13
Q

For muscles with degeneration and atrophy, the anode is positioned as the active electrode.

A

Anode Positioning

14
Q

Includes conditions such as poliomyelitis, progressive muscle atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringomyelia, myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, nerve root injuries, neuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, muscular dystrophies, infections, and endocrine dysfunction.

A

Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMNL)

15
Q

Involves observation, analysis, and interpretation of bioelectric muscle and nerve potentials using surface or needle electrodes.

A

Electrophysiological Evaluation

16
Q

Reaction of degeneration test, faradic-galvanic excitability test, strength-duration curve, rheobase, chronaxie, and galvanic twitch-tetanus ratio test.

A

Traditional Tests

17
Q

Plots the threshold values of stimulation (y-axis) against the duration of the stimulus (x-axis) to assess nerve integrity.

A

Strength-Duration Curve

18
Q

___is the minimum current intensity required to produce a muscle response.
___is the duration of time that an electrical current twice the rheobase must be applied to elicit a muscle contraction.

A

Rheobase and Chronaxiez

19
Q

Measures the electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction to diagnose motor neuron diseases and other neuromuscular disorders.

A

EMG

20
Q

Abnormal EMG Activity

A

Includes fibrillations and abnormal patterns of muscle contraction.

21
Q

Uses auditory, visual, or haptic stimuli to help individuals improve control over neuromuscular processes by providing real-time feedback on muscle activity.

A

EMG Biofeedback

22
Q

Integrates EMG feedback with relaxation techniques to reduce muscle tension and improve relaxation.

A

Muscle Relaxation via EMG Biofeedback

23
Q

Electrodes should be placed over the muscle belly, with the anode on the tendon or proximal to the point of stimulation and the cathode over the muscle belly.

A

EMG Electrode Placement

24
Q

Potential adverse effects include complications related to strengthening and cardiovascular exercises facilitated by EMG.

A

note

25
Q

Measures the electrical response of the nervous system to a stimulus to test the integrity of peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junctions.

A

Evoked Potential

26
Q

Assesses the speed and strength of signals traveling through the nerves to determine the state of nerve function

A

Nerve Conduction Velocities

27
Q
A