INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL AGENTS/THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES Flashcards
Components of the Patient-client management process (5)
- examination
- evaluation (what is need to refer and to give PT intervention)
- referral
- diagnosis (envi, personal factors) and prognosis (possible response to pt intervention)
- intervention and outcomes (are continually evaluated/observing)(modalities are part of intervention)
To treat different medical conditions (pain, weakness)
Uses of physical elements (use of outside forces - Use of equipments)
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
Administration of thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, and light energies to produce biophysical effects at the cellular , tissue, organic, and whole body-levels
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
The biophysical effects (of therapeutic modalities) aim to achieve ______ and ____ effects that serve to maintain and optimize health
aim to achieve physiological and clinical effects
The biophysical effects aim to achieve physiological and clinical effects that serve to?
serve to maintain and optimize health
3 levels of disability
impairment ( body structure & function)
activity limitation (ADLs, IADL)
participation restriction - societal roles/occupation
PRIMARY BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AGENTS
Tissue healing & repair
Increase tissue extensibility
Modify tone abnormalities
Pain relief
Decrease motion restrictions
Denotes intended effects
Biophysical Agents
Which of these is not considered as physical energies
Thermal
Mechanical
Surgical
Electromagnetic
Light
Surgical
reflects the ability of these interventions to provide therapeutic benefits
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
T or F
Therapeutic modalities are a constant part of rehabilitative care
Skilled interventions are used to complement other parts of comprehensive plan of care
TRUE
Multi-dimensional, non-linear cognitive process that involves synthesis of information and collaboration with the patient, caregivers, and healthcare (O,Sullivan, 2019).
We create goals with the pt
How you think as a pt
Clinical reasoning
Outcomes of the interactive clinical reasoning process and form the basis of pt/client management (ito yung gagawin kay pt.)
Clinical decisions
What is EBCPGs?
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
utilization of interventions that have undergone rigorous scientific examination
integration of best research evidence with our clinical expertise and put patient’s unique values and circumstances
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
process of using information , experience, and judgements to decide which clinical intervention will most likely improve the problems, limitation, or impairments identified in the examination
Clinical decision making
TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
THERMAL MODALITIES
MECHANICAL MODALITIES
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES
T or F
Get you information from materials published 20 years ago
FALSE
we must be best supported by latest information
Apply energy in the form of EM radiation or an electrical current.
Use of radiation or light energy
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES
Examples of electromagnetic modalities
UV radiation (blue light) - cellular effects
Infrared (IR) radiation (red light) - thermal radiation
Laser - can penetrate to deeper tissues
Diathermy
Electrical current
Transfer of energy to a pt to produce an ↑ or ↓ in tissue temperature
Superficial and deep-heating modalities (ultrasound and diathermy)
THERMAL MODALITIES
Deep or superficial thermal modality?
Ice pack and hot pack
Superficial
*note: If you want to target a deeper tissue, increase the duration of the ice pack on the body surface but should not exceed 30-45 minutes.
Exceeding in 30-45 minutes may burn the pt’s skin
is the therapeutic application of heat to ↑ circulation (vasodilation), metabolic rate, and soft tissue extensibility or to ↓ pain
THERMOTHERAPY
Deep or superficial thermal modality?
Diathermy
Deep
Cooling modalities like ice pack etc. are under what therapeutic category?
Thermal modality
Deep or superficial thermal modality?
Ultrasound
Superficial and deep
therapeutic application of cold is the therapeutic application of cold to decrease circulation (vasoconstriction), metabolic rate, or pain
CRYOTHERAPY
Increases pressure around the area, provides buoyancy, and transfers heat to or from that area
WATER IMMERSION
Used to counteract fluid pressure and to control or reverse edema; for cryo cuff; compression stockings “ for venous vains
alter formation of scar tissue during proliferation
COMPRESSION
Used to alleviate pressure on structures that become inflamed when stretched
Application of distraction forces can be Cervical and/or Lumbar
TRACTION
Use of water
Bath tubs
Can be applied with or without water
Immersion increases pressure around the immersed area, provides buoyancy, and transfer heat
movement of water provides resistance and cleansing or debridement
HYDROTHERAPY
ULTRASOUND frequency is greater than ____ Hz
20,000Hz
Apply energy in the form of EM radiation or an electrical current.
Use of radiation or light energy
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES
Both thermal and on-thermal effects
Sound frequency greater than 20,000 Hz cycles per second
Uses sound or vibrations
ULTRASOUND
use of electrical current to include muscle contraction and changes in sensation; reduce edema, or accelerate tissue healing
Can stimulate in a motor or sensory level or both
ES/TENS
What does IRR and lasers do in the context of electromagnetic modalities?
IRR
Produces erythema & heat only in superficial tissues
LASER
In the frequency range of visible light or IR radiation
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
modulation of pain/ Pain control
alteration of skeletal muscle performance
Decreasing inflammation & facilitating tissue healing
Increase tissue extensibility
Produces erythema and tanning of the skin
Has antibacterial effects
Usually applied in pt suffering from pressure ulcer (stage 3) to cleanse the wound
UVR
ATTRIBUTES TO CONSIDER CHOOSING A MODALITY
Goals, indications and effects of t/x
Contraindication and precautions
Evidence for the use of Therapeutic Modality
Cost, convenience, and availability
Common Outcome Measures
Girth, circumference, volumetics
Goniometric measurements - ROM
Strength tests
Functional tests
Tissue healing
Pain
deal intervention will facilitate progress in a number of areas
1A: ?
1B: ?
2: ?
3: ?
deal intervention will facilitate progress in a number of areas
1A: Primary underlying problem
1B: Problem most likely to respond to treatment
2: Treatment that address more than one problem simultaneously
3: Symptomatic treatment only
T or F
if the patient present more than one problem and numerous goals: Address all the goals in 1 session
FALSE
if the patient present more than one problem and numerous goals: only a limited number of goals should be addressed one at a time
specific situations on which a drug, procedure, surgery, or modality, should NOT be used because it may be harmful to the patient
Contraindication
Common Precautions and Contraindications
Active Deep Vein Thrombosis or Thrombophlebitis (eg. in knees - may lead to brain or lung prob)
Compromised, impaired, or diminished cognition or communication
Hemorrhagic condition (Acute condition)
Electronic implants (superficial modalities like heating)(eg. may pacemaker)
Pregnancy
Compromised, impaired, or diminished sensations
Presence of Malignancy
thorough ang history taking
Cases where Contraindication may be present
Pregnancy, malignancy, pacemaker/ or other implanted electronic device, impaired sensation, impaired mentation
Are circumstance in which a physical agent should be used with caution
Precaution
*check every 5 minutes
Primary Beneficial Effects of Physical Agents
Tissue healing and repair
Increase tissue extensibility
Modify tone abnormalities
Pain relief
Decrease motion restrictions
For every 10 degrees increase in temperature, there is 2-3 times increase in metabolism
In 10 degrees increase in a tissue, you increase the temperature or the turn over of the cellular nutrients
Van’t Hoff’s Law
