Thermodynamique Flashcards

1
Q

coefficient de dilatation isobare

A

a = 1/V x (dV/dT)p

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2
Q

coefficient de compressibilité isotherme

A

XT = -1/V x (dV/dP)T

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3
Q

coefficient d’augmentation de pression isochore

A

B = 1/P x (dP/dT)V

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4
Q

Energie cinétique d’un Gaz Parfait

A

<e>c&gt; = 3kT/2</e>

vitesse quadratique moyenne : u = (3kT/m)1/2

<v> = (8kT/πm)1/2</v>

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5
Q

Premier Principe

A

d(1/2 M VG/R2 + Epext) + d(Ec* + Epint) = dW + dQ

attention aux delta

U = Ec* +Epint

dW = -Pext x dV

pour un GP dU = ncvmdT

avec pour un GP monoatomique cvm= 3R/2

diatomique cvm= 5R/2

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6
Q

Relation de Mayer

A

Cpm = Cvm + R

a = Cpm/Cv

Cvm = R/(a-1)

Cpm = aR/(a-1)

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7
Q

Loi de Laplace

A

si : transformation adiabatique, réversible d’un gaz parfait a n et gamma constant

alors PVa = cste

Va-1T = cste

P1-aTa = cste

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8
Q

Identité Thermodynamique

A

dU = TdS - PdV

dH = TdS + VdP

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9
Q

Potentiels Thermodynamiques

A

U énergie interne

H = U +PV enthalpie

F = U -TS énergie libre

G = H-TS enthalpie libre

Potentiel thermodynamique :

1 : diminue lorsque le système évolue de facon naturelle

2 : est minimale à l’équilibre thermodynamique

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10
Q

Formule de Clapeyron

A

L1->2= T(v2 -v1) x dP/dT

pour un GP

dPs/Ps = Lv(T)dT/RT2

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11
Q

Théorème des moments

A

xv = mv/m = (v-vl)/(vv-vl)

v = vl + xv(vv-vl)

appliquable a toute les grandeurs

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12
Q

Inégalité de Carnot-Clausius

A

dS>Σ(dQi/Ti)

en particulier pour in cycle ^S = 0

donc 0>Σ(^Qi/Ti)

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13
Q

Diagramme de Raveau

A
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14
Q

Entropie Statistique

A

S=Kb ln(W)

W = (NN1) nombre d’états microscopiques accesibles avec N molecules dont N1 dans le premier compartiment

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15
Q

Expression de la variation d’entropie

A

^S = ncvmln(Tf/Ti) + nRln(Vf/Vi)

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