Thermal Burn Flashcards

1
Q

increased risk of fire-related injuries and death

A
children ≤4 years of age, 
adults ≥65 years of age, 
African Americans and Native Americans, 
persons living in rural areas, 
persons living in manufactured homes or substandard housing, and 
persons living in poverty
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2
Q

Local effects of thermal injury

A

liberation of vasoactive substances,
disruption of cellular function,
and formation of edema

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3
Q

systemic response alters the neurohormonal axis

A
histamine, 
kinin, 
serotonin, 
arachidonic acid metabolites, 
and free oxygen radicals
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4
Q

systemic response alters the neurohormonal axis

A
histamine, 
kinin, 
 serotonin, 
arachidonic acid metabolites, 
and free oxygen radicals
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5
Q

factors may influence prognosis,

A
the severity of the burn, 
the presence of inhalation injury, 
associated injuries, 
the patient’s age, 
comorbid conditions, 
and acute organ system failure are most important.
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6
Q

Cell damage occurs at temperatures of

A

> 45°C

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7
Q

tissue is irreversibly destroyed with thrombosis of blood vessels;

A

zone of coagulation

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8
Q

stagnation of the microcirculation

become progressively more hypoxemic and ischemic if r tion is not adequate

A

zone of stasis

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9
Q

there is increased blood flow

minimal damage to the cells and spontaneous recovery is likely

A

zone of hyperemia

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10
Q

Epidermis

No blisters, painful

7d healing

A

Superficial (first degree)

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11
Q

Epidermis and superficial dermis

Blisters, very painful

14–21 d, no scar healing

A

Superficial partial-thickness (superficial second degree)

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12
Q

Epidermis and deep dermis, sweat glands, and hair follicles

Blisters, very painful

3–8 wk, permanent scar healing

A

Deep partial-thickness (deep second degree)

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13
Q

Entire epidermis and dermis charred, pale, leathery; no pain

Months, severe scarring, skin grafts necessary healing

A

Full-thickness (third degree)

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14
Q

Entire epidermis and dermis, as well as bone, fat, and/or muscle

Months, multiple surgeries usually required healing

A

Fourth degree

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15
Q

Major burn = Burn Center Treatment

A

Partial-thickness >25% BSA, age 10–50 y
Partial-thickness >20% BSA, age <10 y or >50 y
Full-thickness >10% BSA in anyone
Burns involving hands, face, feet, or perineum
Burns crossing major joints
Circumferential burns of an extremity
Burns complicated by inhalation injury
Electrical burns
Burns complicated by fracture or other trauma
Burns in high-risk patients

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16
Q

Moderate burn = hospitalization

A

Partial-thickness 15%–25% BSA, age 10–50 y
Partial-thickness 10%–20% BSA, age <10 y or >50 y
Full-thickness burns ≤10% BSA in anyone
No major burn characteristics present

17
Q

Minor burn = outpatient treatment

A

Partial-thickness <15% BSA, age 10–50 y
Partial-thickness <10% BSA, age <10 y or >50 y
Full-thickness <2% in anyone
No major burn characteristics present

18
Q

American Burn Association Burn Unit Referral Criteria

A
  • Full-thickness/third-degree burns in any age group
  • Partial thickness burns >10% total body surface area
  • Burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, or major joints
  • Electrical burns, including lightning injury
  • Chemical burns
  • Inhalation injury
  • Burn injury in patients with preexisting medical disorders that could complicate management, prolong recovery, or affect mortality
  • Burn injury in any patients with concomitant trauma (e.g., fractures) in whom the burn injury poses the greatest risk of morbidity or mortality
  • Burn injury in children in hospitals without qualified personnel or equipment to care for children
  • Burn injury in patients who will require special social, emotional, or long-term rehabilitative intervention
  • Burn injury in children <10 y and adults >50 y of age