Emergency Care Children Flashcards

1
Q

neonates

infants

toddlers

school-aged children

adolescents

A

neonates (birth to 1 month),
infants (1 month to 1 year),
toddlers (1 to 3 years),
school-aged children (3 to 12 years), and adolescents (12 to 18 years)

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2
Q

unique c siderations in airway management

A
relatively large occiput, 
small jaw, 
high and anterior larynx, 
narrow cricoid cartilage, and 
large tongue
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3
Q

increased rate of breathing

A

Tachypnea

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4
Q

increased depth of respiration

A

hyperpnea

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5
Q

Systolic blood pressure (5th percentile)

A

70 + [2 × (age in years)]

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6
Q

12 mo: weight (kg)

A

4 + (age in months/2)

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7
Q

1–12 y: weight (kg)

A

10 + [2 × (age in years)]

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8
Q

imaging modality of choice for a number of disease conditions in children, such as pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, and intussusception

A

Ultrasound

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9
Q

Neonatal resuscitation focuses

A

respiratory assistance with effective positive-pressure ventilation

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10
Q

cardiac arrest is most commonly secondary to

A

respiratory failure in children

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11
Q

cardiac arrest is most commonly secondary to

A

respiratory failure in children

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12
Q

Common medications can have adverse effects in children

A

dental staining from tetracycline antibiotics and

life-threatening complications from antimotility drugs commonly used for adult diarrheal disease

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13
Q

Caring for critically ill children is best accomplished with at least two patient care providers on each team in addition to the driver or pilot.

A

One of the patient care members should be a registered nurse with a minimum of 5 years of experience at least 3 years of neonatal or pediatric critical care or ED training

Additional member(s) may include a respiratory therapist, physician, or paramedic.

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14
Q

guidelines to minimize the impact of the limitations inherent in a transport environment are

A

Prepare the transport vehicle

Stabilize the patient before transport

Monitor as many physiologic parameters as possible electronically

Anticipate deterioration

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15
Q

Pediatric Conditions at Risk for Deterioration During Transport

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Recurrent brief resolved unexplained event
  • Foreign body aspirations
  • Airway obstructions
  • Epilepsy
  • Poisoning or overdose
  • Multisystem or severe intracranial trauma
  • Tracheitis
  • Severe asthma
  • Metabolic derangements
  • Severe sepsis
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16
Q

Preestablished transfer protocols should provide information about each regional center to which a patient might be referred

A

(1) special services available;
(2) criteria for referral;
( 3) telephone numbers for consultation, referral, and transport;
(4) distance and usual response time;
(5) type of transport personnel and their capabilities;
(6) type of transport vehicles; and
(7) protocols for preparation of patients

17
Q

most important factor determining the type of transport

A

team availability and skill level

18
Q

Pediatric Conditions Commonly Requiring Interfacility Transports

A
  • Intracranial trauma
  • Severe trauma
  • Airway (upper or lower) airway disorders
  • Sepsis/septic shock
  • Seizures
  • Developmental or neurologic condition
  • Poisoning or overdose
  • Intracranial trauma
  • Multisystem trauma
19
Q

may do better without IV placement, because IV placement

A

particularly true for children with a partial airway obstruction from croup, a foreign body, or epiglottitis

20
Q

Standardized techniques can help mitigate c munication errors,

A
ISBARQ 
(introduction, 
situation, 
background, 
assessment, 
recommendation, 
questions) model
21
Q

referring physician and patient are identified

A

introduction

22
Q

working diagnosis and current medical condition

A

situation

23
Q

what is known about the patient, such as past medical history and past tests or treatments

A

background

24
Q

what is happening at the time of transport (current findings, patient needs, treatments, new test results)

A

assessment

25
Q

made by receiving physicians r ing further stabilization of the patient, sometimes at the request of the referring doctor

A

recommendations