Acute Abdominal Pain Pediatrics Flashcards
most common cause of abdominal pain in children of all ages
Gastroenteritis
first step in the evaluation of any ill-appearing child or in cases of persistent vomiting or poor oral intake.
Bedside glucose measurement
first-line test for appendicitis, pyloric stenosis, i ception, testicular torsion, urolithiasis, and biliary and gynecologic pathology
US
most sensitive study for appendicitis and intra-abdominal abscesses and may uncover a wide variety of pathology.
CT scan
the most common surgical emergency.
CHILDREN (3 TO 15 YEARS OF AGE)
Appendicitis
most common surgical emergency.
CHILDREN (3 TO 15 YEARS OF AGE)
Appendicitis
both pathognomonic
NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
Pneumatosis intestinalis (air in the bowel wall)
portal venous gas are both pathognomonic
Treatment for NEC
nothing by mouth status, gastric tube decompression, aggressive IV hydration, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and surgical consultation.
ampicillin to cover gram-positive organisms, gentamicin or cefotaxime for gram-negative organisms, and metronidazole or clindamycin for anaerobes
Malrotation and volvulus associated with
Down syndrome, heterotaxy, and duodenal atresia are associated with malrotation
test of choice for diagnosing malrotation
Upper GI series with contrast
abruptly tapered cutoff of contrast in the duodenum
bird’s beak
corkscrew appearance of the bowel
most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children under 2 years of age. It is rare before 2 months.
Intussusception
two disparate presentations ofintussusception
intermittent pain and lethargy.
Clinical features intussusception
sausage-shaped mass may be palpated in the right upper quadrant
Occult blood is found in 70% of stools and gross blood in about 50%, although it rarely resembles the classic “currant jelly.”
first study when the diagnosis is ambiguous for intussusception
US
